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Mobile DNA distributions refine the phylogeny of “matsutake” mushrooms, Tricholoma sect. Caligata

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Abstract

“Matsutake” mushrooms are formed by several species of Tricholoma sect. Caligata distributed across the northern hemisphere. A phylogenetic analysis of matsutake based on virtually neutral mutations in DNA sequences resolved robust relationships among Tricholoma anatolicum, Tricholoma bakamatsutake, Tricholoma magnivelare, Tricholoma matsutake, and Tricholoma sp. from Mexico (=Tricholoma sp. Mex). However, relationships among these matsutake and other species, such as Tricholoma caligatum and Tricholoma fulvocastaneum, were ambiguous. We, therefore, analyzed genomic copy numbers of σ marY1 , marY1, and marY2N retrotransposons by comparing them with the single-copy mobile DNA megB1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to clarify matsutake phylogeny. We also examined types of megB1-associated domains, composed of a number of poly (A) and poly (T) reminiscent of RNA-derived DNA elements among these species. Both datasets resolved two distinct groups, one composed of T. bakamatsutake, T. fulvocastaneum, and T. caligatum that could have diverged earlier and the other comprising T. magnivelare, Tricholoma sp. Mex, T. anatolicum, and T. matsutake that could have evolved later. In the first group, T. caligatum was the closest to the second group, followed by T. fulvocastaneum and T. bakamatsutake. Within the second group, T. magnivelare was clearly differentiated from the other species. The data suggest that matsutake underwent substantial evolution between the first group, mostly composed of Fagaceae symbionts, and the second group, comprised only of Pinaceae symbionts, but diverged little within each groups. Mobile DNA markers could be useful in resolving difficult phylogenies due to, for example, closely spaced speciation events.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Japan. BLASTN was provided freely by the JGI, and was used for this publication/correspondence only. We are grateful to Dr. Pietro Roda (Pellaro di Reggio Calabria, Italy) for providing hearty hospitality to H. Neda while he was searching for T. caligatum in Italy and for generously depositing reliable strains of T. caligatum in the Biological Resource Center, NITE (NBRC). We thank the following institutes for kindly providing mycological samples free of charge: the Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden; the University of Oslo (Norway); the Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch; the Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok, Russia); and the Herbarium of the Catalan Society of Mycology, Barcelona, Spain.

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  1. Shinichiro Katahata

    Present address: Graduate school of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Surugaku, 422-8529, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Microbiology and Mushroom Sciences, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan

    Hitoshi Murata, Muneyoshi Yamaguchi, Katsuhiko Babasaki & Hitoshi Neda

  2. Department of Forest Microbiology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan

    Yuko Ota

  3. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan

    Shinichiro Katahata

  4. Department of Biomass Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan

    Yuichiro Otsuka

  5. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan

    Akiyoshi Yamada

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FIG. S1

Multiple alignment of sequences containing megB1 from matsutake. Base positions are given above the alignment. Arrows indicate the location of sequences that form the direct repeat unique to T. magnivelare. SFT08; T. bakamatsutake SF-Tf08, WKN10; T. fulvocastaneum WK-N10-29, R107; T. caligatum TFM-M-R107, R106; T. caligatum TFM-M-R106, TpC3; T. magnivelare Tp-C3, MX1; Tricholoma sp. Mex MX1, S22; T. anatolicum TK S-2-2, Y1; T. matsutake Y1, TnFIN1; T. matsutake Tn-FIN1. (PDF 1088 kb)

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Murata, H., Ota, Y., Yamaguchi, M. et al. Mobile DNA distributions refine the phylogeny of “matsutake” mushrooms, Tricholoma sect. Caligata . Mycorrhiza 23, 447–461 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0487-x

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