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Seasonal dynamics of Boletus edulis and Lactarius deliciosus extraradical mycelium in pine forests of central Spain

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Abstract

The annual belowground dynamics of extraradical soil mycelium and sporocarp production of two ectomycorrhizal fungi, Boletus edulis and Lactarius deliciosus, have been studied in two different pine forests (Pinar Grande and Pinares Llanos, respectively) in Soria (central Spain). Soil samples (five per plot) were taken monthly (from September 2009 to August 2010 in Pinar Grande and from September 2010 to September 2011 in Pinares Llanos) in eight permanent plots (four for each site). B. edulis and L. deliciosus extraradical soil mycelium was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction, with DNA extracted from soil samples, using specific primers and TaqMan® probes. The quantities of B. edulis soil mycelium did not differ significantly between plots, but there was a significant difference over time with a maximum in February (0.1576 mg mycelium/g soil) and a minimum in October (0.0170 mg mycelium/g soil). For L. deliciosus, significant differences were detected between plots and over time. The highest amount of mycelium was found in December (1.84 mg mycelium/g soil) and the minimum in February (0.0332 mg mycelium/g soil). B. edulis mycelium quantities were positively correlated with precipitation of the current month and negatively correlated with the mean temperature of the previous month. Mycelium biomass of L. deliciosus was positively correlated with relative humidity and negatively correlated with mean temperature and radiation. No significant correlation between productivity of the plots with the soil mycelium biomass was observed for any of the two species. No correlations were found between B. edulis sporocarp production and weather parameters. Sporocarp production of L. deliciosus was positively correlated with precipitation and relative humidity and negatively correlated with maximum and minimum temperatures. Both species have similar distribution over time, presenting an annual dynamics characterized by a seasonal variability, with a clear increase on the amounts of biomass during the coldest months of the year. Soil mycelial dynamics of both species are strongly dependent on the weather.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this research was provided by the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agroalimentarias (INIA, Spain), projects RTA2006-00095-CO2 and RM2010-00002-CO3; the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain), project AGL2009-12884-C03; and the European Regional Development Fund. This work is part of the doctorate of H. De la Varga, financed by the INIA (Spain). Technical collaboration from the Unitat de Genòmica, Serveis Cientificotècnics, Universitat de Barcelona is appreciated. We acknowledge the invaluable help of the staff of Centro de Investigación Forestal de Valonsadero involved in the maintenance of the experimental plots.

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  1. IRTA, Sustainable Plant Protection, Centre de Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils, Km 2, 08348, Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain

    Herminia De la Varga, Javier Parladé & Joan Pera

  2. Centro de Investigación Forestal de Valonsadero, Consejería de Fomento y Medio Ambiente, Junta de Castilla y León, Apdo. Correos 175, 42080, Soria, Spain

    Beatriz Águeda, Teresa Ágreda & Fernando Martínez-Peña

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  1. Herminia De la Varga
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Correspondence to Herminia De la Varga.

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De la Varga, H., Águeda, B., Ágreda, T. et al. Seasonal dynamics of Boletus edulis and Lactarius deliciosus extraradical mycelium in pine forests of central Spain. Mycorrhiza 23, 391–402 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0481-3

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