Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal spores play an important role in seedling establishment and forest regeneration, especially in areas where compatible host tree species are absent. However, compared to other Pinaceae trees with a wide distribution, limited information is available for the interaction between the endangered Pseudotsuga trees and EcM fungi, especially the spore bank. The aim of this study was to investigate EcM fungal spore bank communities in soil in remnant patches of Japanese Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga japonica) forest. We conducted a bioassay of 178 soil samples collected from three P. japonica forests and their neighboring arbuscular mycorrhizal artificial plantations, using the more readily available North American Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) as bait seedlings. EcM fungal species were identified by a combination of morphotyping and DNA sequencing of the ITS region. We found that EcM fungal spore banks were present not only in P. japonica forests but also in neighboring plantations. Among the 13 EcM fungal species detected, Rhizopogon togasawarius had the second highest frequency and was found in all plots, regardless of forest type. Species richness estimators differed significantly among forest types. The community structure of EcM fungal spore banks differed significantly between study sites but not between forest types. These results indicate that EcM fungal spore banks are not restricted to EcM forests and extend to surrounding forest dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal trees, likely owing to the durability of EcM fungal spores in soils.
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Data availability
Sequence data have been deposited in GenBank under accession numbers LC577891–LC578069.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Kazuhide Nara, Masao Murata, Hiroshi Abe, and members of the Forest Mycology laboratory at Mie University for their help during field work. We are also grateful to the staff of the Mie Forest Management Office, The Story of the Upper Reaches of Yoshino River (Public Interest Incorporated Foundation), and Joji Kawaguchi for permitting us to collect sampling materials, and members of the Life Science Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mie University, for helping with DNA analyses. We acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and valuable advice on the manuscript. This study was funded in part by JSPS KAKENHI 15H02449, 18H03955, and 21H02232.
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This study was funded in part by JSPS KAKENHI 15H02449, 18H03955, and 21H02232.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design, participated in the field survey, and contributed to the sampling. Experiments, data collection, and analysis were performed by KHO. The draft of the manuscript was written by KHO, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Okada, K.H., Matsuda, Y. Soil spore bank communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Pseudotsuga japonica forests and neighboring plantations. Mycorrhiza 32, 83–93 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-021-01065-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-021-01065-y