Abstract
Fish scale culture can be used as a model to test the effects of several molecules on bone metabolism by histological and biochemical methods, although solid cell biology data about the behavior of the scale cells in culture are needed if such a model is to be employed for pharmacological applications. In the present study, we cultured zebrafish scales at various temperatures and for various times and analyzed the behavior of the bone cells in terms of viability and activity. We demonstrated that the cultured scale cells maintained their usual distribution at 28°C until 72 h, after which time episquamal osteoblasts showed an obvious change in their cell organization followed by an increase in cell death. Osteoclast tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and osteoblast alkaline phosphatase activities were maintained until 72 h but were reduced at 96 h as a consequence of the massive cell death. This scenario indicates that zebrafish scales cultured until 72 h can be considered as an innovative model of explanted organ culture to assay the ability of chemical compounds to modulate the metabolism of bone cells.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arnett TR, Henderson B (1998) Methods in bone biology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Azuma K, Kobayashi M, Nakamura M, Suzuki N, Yashima S, Iwamuro S, Ikegame M, Yamamoto T, Hattori A (2007) Two osteoclastic markers expressed in multinucleate osteoclasts of goldfish scales. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 362:594–600
Bird NC, Mabee PM (2003) Developmental morphology of the axial skeleton of the zebrafish, Danio rerio (Ostariophysi: cyprinidae). Dev Dyn 228:337–357
de Vrieze E, Sharif F, Metz JR, Flik G, Richardson MK (2010) Matrix metalloproteinases in osteoclasts of ontogenetic and regenerating zebrafish scales. Bone 48:704–712
Flik G, Fenwick JC, Kolar Z, Mayer-Gostan N, Wendelaar Bonga SE (1985) Whole-body calcium flux rates in cichlid teleost fish Oreochromis mossambicus adapted to freshwater. Am J Physiol 249:R432–R437
Flores MV, Tsang VW, Hu W, Kalev-Zylinska M, Postlethwait J, Crosier P, Crosier K, Fisher S (2004) Duplicate zebrafish runx2 orthologues are expressed in developing skeletal elements. Gene Expr Patterns 4:573–581
Glenney GW, Early WGD (2007) Diversification of the TNF superfamily in teleosts: genomic characterization and expression analysis. J Immunol 178:7955–7973
Higazi AAR, Kniss D, Manuppello J, Barnathan ES, Cines DB (1996) Thermotaxis of human trophoblastic cells. Placenta 17:683–687
Kimmel CB, DeLaurier A, Ullmann B, Dowd J, McFadden M (2010) Modes of developmental outgrowth and shaping of a craniofacial bone in zebrafish. PLoS One 5:e9475
Lehane DB, McKie N, Russell RG, Henderson IW (1999) Cloning of a fragment of the osteonectin gene from goldfish, Carassius auratus: its expression and potential regulation by estrogen. Gen Comp Endocrinol 114:80–87
Meunier FJ (1984) Spatial organization and mineralization of the basal plate of elasmoid scales in osteichthyans. Am Zool 24:953–964
Nishimoto SK, Araki N, Robinson FD, Waite JH (1992) Discovery of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein in mineralized scales. The abundance and structure of Lepomis macrochirus bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein. J Biol Chem 267:11600–11605
Persson P, Bjornsson BTJ, Takagi Y (1999) Characterization of morphology and physiological actions of scale osteoclasts in the rainbow trout. J Fish Biol 54:669–684
Sire JY, Akimenko MA (2004) Scale development in fish: a review, with description of sonic hedgehog (shh) expression in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int J Dev Biol 48:233–247
Suzuki N, Hattori A (2002) Melatonin suppresses osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities in the scales of goldfish. J Pineal Res 33:253–258
Suzuki N, Hayakawa K, Kameda T, Triba A, Tang N, Tabata MJ, Takada K, Wada S, Omori K, Srivastav AK, Mishima H, Hattori A (2009) Monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inhibit both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities in teleost scales. Life Sci 84:482–488
Westerfield M (2007) The zebrafish book. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish (Danio rerio), 5th edn. University of Oregon Press, Eugene
Witten PE, Bendahmane M, Abou-Haila A (1997) Enzyme histochemical characteristics of osteoblasts and mononucleated osteoclasts in a teleost fish with acellular bone (Oreochromis niloticus, Cichlidae). Cell Tissue Res 287:591–599
Zylberberg L, Bereiter-Hahn J, Sire JY (1988) Cytoskeletal organization and collagen orientation in the fish scales. Cell Tissue Res 253:597–607
Zylberberg L, Bonaventure J, Cohen-Solal L, Hartmann DJ, Bereiter-Hahn J (1992) Organization and characterization of fibrillar collagens in fish scales in situ and in vitro. J Cell Sci 103:273–285
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pasqualetti, S., Banfi, G. & Mariotti, M. Osteoblast and osteoclast behavior in zebrafish cultured scales. Cell Tissue Res 350, 69–75 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-012-1436-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-012-1436-2