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Liver fluke infection and cholangiocarcinoma: a review

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Abstract

Parasites are significant groups for carcinogenesis among which liver flukes, including Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, are typical representatives causing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the second most common primary hepatic malignancy with dismal prognosis. O. viverrini is prevalent in Southeast Asia, infecting 10 million people while C. sinensis has a wider distribution in East Asia and several Southeast Asian countries, affecting more than 35 million people’s health. These two worms have some common characteristics and/or discrepancies in life cycle, genome, and transcriptome. As hot spots in recent years, genome and transcriptome research has extracted numerous novel fluke worm-derived proteins, which are excellent for carcinogenic exploration. However, just a handful of these studies have focused on the metabolic pathway. In this study, the main mechanisms of carcinogenesis of both worms, in terms of mechanical damage, metabolic products and immunopathology, and other possible pathways, will be discussed in detail. This review retrospectively describes the main traits of C. sinensis and O. viverrini, their molecular biology and core carcinogenic mechanisms in a contrast pattern.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant nos. 2016YFC1202003 and 2016YFC1200500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 81371836 and 81572023), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (grant no. 2014A030313134), Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (grant no. 2016A050502008), Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou (grant no. 201607010029), the 111 Project (grant no. B12003), and Research Fund for Students of Sun Yat-sen University (2016).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China

      Shuohan Zheng, Yuan Zhu, Zijun Zhao, Zhongdao Wu & Zhiyue Lv

    2. Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China

      Shuohan Zheng, Yuan Zhu, Zijun Zhao, Zhongdao Wu & Zhiyue Lv

    3. Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

      Kamolnetr Okanurak

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    1. Shuohan Zheng
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    2. Yuan Zhu
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    3. Zijun Zhao
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    4. Zhongdao Wu
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    5. Kamolnetr Okanurak
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    Correspondence to Kamolnetr Okanurak or Zhiyue Lv.

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    Shuohan Zheng, Yuan Zhu and Zijun Zhao contributed equally to this work.

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    Zheng, S., Zhu, Y., Zhao, Z. et al. Liver fluke infection and cholangiocarcinoma: a review. Parasitol Res 116, 11–19 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5276-y

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