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Biosynthesis, characterization, and acute toxicity of Berberis tinctoria-fabricated silver nanoparticles against the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, and the mosquito predators Toxorhynchites splendens and Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides

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Abstract

Aedes albopictus is an important arbovirus vector, including dengue. Currently, there is no specific treatment for dengue. Its prevention solely depends on effective vector control measures. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using a cheap leaf extract of Berberis tinctoria as reducing and stabilizing agent and tested against Ae. albopictus and two mosquito natural enemies. AgNPs were characterized by using UV–vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. In laboratory conditions, the toxicity of AgNPs was evaluated on larvae and pupae of Ae. albopictus. Suitability Index/Predator Safety Factor was assessed on Toxorhynchites splendens and Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides. The leaf extract of B. tinctoria was toxic against larval instars (I–IV) and pupae of Ae. albopictus; LC50 was 182.72 ppm (I instar), 230.99 ppm (II), 269.65 ppm (III), 321.75 ppm (IV), and 359.71 ppm (pupa). B. tinctoria-synthesized AgNPs were highly effective, with LC50 of 4.97 ppm (I instar), 5.97 ppm (II), 7.60 ppm (III), 9.65 ppm (IV), and 14.87 ppm (pupa). Both the leaf extract and AgNPs showed reduced toxicity against the mosquito natural enemies M. thermocyclopoides and T. splendens. Overall, this study firstly shed light on effectiveness of B. tinctoria-synthesized AgNPs as an eco-friendly nanopesticide, highlighting the concrete possibility to employ this newer and safer tool in arbovirus vector control programs.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the financial support rendered by King Saud University, through Vice Deanship of Research Chairs. The authors are grateful to the UGC-MRP, New Delhi, India (No. F. No.36-250/2008 (SR) 24/03/2009) and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, King Saud University (project no. RGP-1435- 057) for their financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India

    Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar, Kadarkarai Murugan, Pari Madhiyazhagan, Kalimuthu Kovendan, Duraisamy Amerasan, Balamurugan Chandramohan, Devakumar Dinesh, Udaiyan Suresh & Kandasamy Kalimuthu

  2. Department of Environmental Biology, University Sapienza of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Marcello Nicoletti

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancer, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mohamad Saleh Alsalhi & Sandhanasamy Devanesan

  4. Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China

    Hui Wei

  5. Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan

    Kandasamy Kalimuthu & Jiang-Shiou Hwang

  6. Agronomist, via Matteotti 6, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Annalisa Lo Iacono

  7. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Giovanni Benelli

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  1. Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar
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Correspondence to Giovanni Benelli.

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The authors declare no conflicts of interest. G. Benelli is an Editorial Board Member of Parasitology Research. This does not alter the author’s adherence to all the Parasitology Research policies on sharing data and materials.

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Kumar, P.M., Murugan, K., Madhiyazhagan, P. et al. Biosynthesis, characterization, and acute toxicity of Berberis tinctoria-fabricated silver nanoparticles against the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, and the mosquito predators Toxorhynchites splendens and Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides . Parasitol Res 115, 751–759 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4799-y

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