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Characterization of the glyoxalase 1 gene TcGLX1 in the metal hyperaccumulator plant Thlaspi caerulescens

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Abstract

Stress tolerance is currently one of the major research topics in plant biology because of the challenges posed by changing climate and increasing demand to grow crop plants in marginal soils. Increased Zn tolerance and accumulation has been reported in tobacco expressing the glyoxalase 1-encoding gene from Brassica juncea. Previous studies in our laboratory showed some Zn tolerance-correlated differences in the levels of glyoxalase 1-like protein among accessions of Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens. We have now isolated the corresponding gene (named here TcGLX1), including ca. 570 bp of core and proximal promoter region. The predicted protein contains three glyoxalase 1 motifs and several putative sites for post-translational modification. In silico analysis predicted a number of cis-acting elements related to stress. The expression of TcGLX1 was not responsive to Zn. There was no correlation between the levels of TcGLX1 expression and the degrees of Zn tolerance or accumulation among T. caerulescens accessions nor was there co-segregation of TcGLX1 expression with Zn tolerance or Zn accumulation among F3 lines derived from crosses between plants from accessions with contrasting phenotypes for these properties. No phenotype was observed in an A. thaliana T-DNA insertion line for the closest A. thaliana homolog of TcGLX1, ATGLX1. These results suggest that glyoxalase 1 or at least the particular isoform studied here is not a major determinant of Zn tolerance in the Zn hyperaccumulator plant T. caerulescens. In addition, ATGLX1 is not essential for normal Zn tolerance in the non-tolerant, non-accumulator plant A. thaliana. Possible explanations for the apparent discrepancy between this and previous studies are discussed.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

GA:

Gibberellic acid

GLX1:

Glyoxalase 1

GLX2:

Glyoxalase 2

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

Q-PCR:

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

TAIL-PCR:

Thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction

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Acknowledgments

This project was funded by the EC FP5 project ‘PHYTAC’ (QLRT-2001-00429) and by the Academy of Finland (projects 53885 and 122338). Marjo Tuomainen wishes to thank The Finnish Cultural Foundation of Northern Savo and Central Fund, Finnish Concordia Fund and The Kuopio Naturalists’ Society for personal grants.

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Author notes

  1. Tanja Paasela

    Present address: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsingin yliopisto, Finland

  2. Saara Tuohimetsä

    Present address: , Vattulantie 26, 41180, Vehniä, Finland

  3. Algirdas Švanys

    Present address: Coastal Research and Planning Institute, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, 92294, Klaipeda, Lithuania

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Marjo Tuomainen, Viivi Ahonen, Sirpa O. Kärenlampi, Tanja Paasela, Algirdas Švanys, Saara Tuohimetsä, Sirpa Peräniemi & Arja Tervahauta

  2. Genetics, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Henk Schat

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Correspondence to Marjo Tuomainen.

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Tuomainen, M., Ahonen, V., Kärenlampi, S.O. et al. Characterization of the glyoxalase 1 gene TcGLX1 in the metal hyperaccumulator plant Thlaspi caerulescens . Planta 233, 1173–1184 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-011-1370-7

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