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Multiphase carbonate-salt immiscibility in carbonatite melts: data on melt inclusions from the Krestovskiy massif minerals (Polar Siberia)

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Abstract

Minerals of olivine–melilite and olivine–monticellite rocks from the Krestovskiy massif contain primary silicate-salt, carbonate-salt, and salt melt inclusions. Silicate-salt inclusions are present in perovskite I and melilite. Thermometric experiments conducted on these inclusions at 1,230–1,250°C showed silicate–carbonate liquid immiscibility. Globules of composite carbonate-salt melt rich in alkalies, P, S, and Cl separated in silicate melt. Carbonate salt globules in some inclusions from perovskite II at 1,190–1,200°C separated into immiscible liquid phases of simpler composition. Carbonate-salt and salt inclusions occur in monticellite, melilite, and garnet and homogenize at close temperatures (980–780°C). They contain alkalies, Ca, P, SO3, Cl, and CO2. According to the ratio of these components and predominance of one of them, melt inclusions are divided into 6 types: I—hyperalkaline (CaO/(Na2O+K2O)≤1) carbonate melts; II—moderately alkaline (CaO/(Na2O+K2O)>1) carbonate melts; III—sulfate-alkaline melts; IV—phosphate-alkaline melts; V—alkali-chloridic melts, and VI—calc-carbonate melts. Joint occurrence of all the above types and their syngenetic character were established. Some inclusions demonstrated carbonate-salt immiscibility phenomena at 840–800°C. A conclusion in made that the origin of carbonate melts during the formation of intrusion rocks is related to silicate–carbonate immiscibility in parental alkali-ultrabasic magma. The separated carbonate melt had a complex alkaline composition. Under unstable conditions the melt began to decompose into simpler immiscible fractions. Different types of carbonate-salt and salt inclusions seem to reflect the composition of these spatially isolated immiscible fractions. Liquid carbonate-salt immiscibility took place in a wide temperature range from 1,200–1,190°C to 800°C. The occurrence of this kind of processes under macroconditions might, most likely, cause the appearance of different types of immiscible carbonate-salt melts and lead to the formation of different types of carbonatites: alkali-phosphatic, alkali-sulfatic, alkali-chloridic, and, most widespread, calcitic ones.

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Acknowledgements

Our sincere thanks go to J. Touret for commenting on an early version of the manuscript and for his valuable critical remarks. The work was supported by grant 02–05–64617 and grant 05–05–64361 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

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  1. Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography SB RAS, Koptyug pr. 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    L. I. Panina

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Correspondence to L. I. Panina.

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Communicated by J.L.R. Touret

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Panina, L.I. Multiphase carbonate-salt immiscibility in carbonatite melts: data on melt inclusions from the Krestovskiy massif minerals (Polar Siberia). Contrib Mineral Petrol 150, 19–36 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-005-0001-3

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