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Serotonin 2B receptor slows disease progression and prevents degeneration of spinal cord mononuclear phagocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Abstract

Microglia are the resident mononuclear phagocytes of the central nervous system and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). During neurodegeneration, microglial activation is accompanied by infiltration of circulating monocytes, leading to production of multiple inflammatory mediators in the spinal cord. Degenerative alterations in mononuclear phagocytes are commonly observed during neurodegenerative diseases, yet little is known concerning the mechanisms leading to their degeneration, or the consequences on disease progression. Here we observed that the serotonin 2B receptor (5-HT2B), a serotonin receptor expressed in microglia, is upregulated in the spinal cord of three different transgenic mouse models of ALS. In mutant SOD1 mice, this upregulation was restricted to cells positive for CD11b, a marker of mononuclear phagocytes. Ablation of 5-HT2B receptor in transgenic ALS mice expressing mutant SOD1 resulted in increased degeneration of mononuclear phagocytes, as evidenced by fragmentation of Iba1-positive cellular processes. This was accompanied by decreased expression of key neuroinflammatory genes but also loss of expression of homeostatic microglial genes. Importantly, the dramatic effect of 5-HT2B receptor ablation on mononuclear phagocytes was associated with acceleration of disease progression. To determine the translational relevance of these results, we studied polymorphisms in the human HTR2B gene, which encodes the 5-HT2B receptor, in a large cohort of ALS patients. In this cohort, the C allele of SNP rs10199752 in HTR2B was associated with longer survival. Moreover, patients carrying one copy of the C allele of SNP rs10199752 showed increased 5-HT2B mRNA in spinal cord and displayed less pronounced degeneration of Iba1 positive cells than patients carrying two copies of the more common A allele. Thus, the 5-HT2B receptor limits degeneration of spinal cord mononuclear phagocytes, most likely microglia, and slows disease progression in ALS. Targeting this receptor might be therapeutically useful.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr David Hicks (INCI, Strasbourg) for careful english editing. We acknowledge the technical help of Marie Jo Ruivo, Annie Picchinenna and Sébastien Freismuth. This work was supported by Fondation “Recherche sur le Cerveau” (call 2015, to LD and LMa), and the Fondation Thierry Latran (SpastALS, to LD). Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Health Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013; EuroMOTOR). This study was supported by The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (Vici Scheme (to LvdB), under the frame of E-Rare-2 (to JHV) and JPND (STRENGTH, to LvdB and JHV), the ERA Net for Research on Rare Diseases (PYRAMID). This study was supported by the ALS Foundation Netherlands and the MND association (UK) (Project MinE, http://www.projectmine.com). Work in our laboratories is supported by ALS Association Investigator Initiated Award (Grants 2235, 3209 and 8075; to LD); the Frick Foundation (award 2013 to LD); Association Française contre les Myopathies (Grant #18280; to LD); Virtual Helmholtz Institute “RNA dysmetabolism in ALS and FTD” (WP2, to LD, AW and ACL). This study was supported by the ALS Foundation Netherlands and the MND association (UK) (Project MinE, http://www.projectmine.com). LMa is supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale “Equipe FRM DEQ 2014039529”, the French Ministry of Research (Agence Nationale pour la Recherche) ANR-12-BSV1-0015-01 and the Investissements d’Avenir program managed by the ANR under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM UMR-S1118, Faculté de Médecine, bat 3, 8e etage, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France

    Hajer El Oussini, Jelena Scekic-Zahirovic, Pauline Vercruysse, Jérôme Sinniger, Sylvie Dirrig-Grosch, Stéphane Dieterlé, Andoni Echaniz-Laguna, Yves Larmet & Luc Dupuis

  2. Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France

    Hajer El Oussini, Jelena Scekic-Zahirovic, Pauline Vercruysse, Jérôme Sinniger, Sylvie Dirrig-Grosch, Stéphane Dieterlé, Andoni Echaniz-Laguna, Yves Larmet, Roland Lawson, Laurent Monassier & Luc Dupuis

  3. Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

    Hanna Bayer, Pauline Vercruysse, Kathrin Müller, Jochen H. Weishaupt, Albert C. Ludolph & Anke Witting

  4. Neurology Department, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    Andoni Echaniz-Laguna, Roland Lawson & Laurent Monassier

  5. Laboratory of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

    Dietmar R. Thal

  6. Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neuroscience, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Dietmar R. Thal

  7. Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Wouter van Rheenen, Kristel van Eijk, Leonard H. van den Berg & Jan H. Veldink

  8. Inserm, UMR-S839, Paris, 75005, France

    Luc Maroteaux & Anne Roumier

  9. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR-S839, Paris, 75005, France

    Luc Maroteaux & Anne Roumier

  10. Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, 75005, France

    Luc Maroteaux & Anne Roumier

  11. Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA

    Philip C. Wong

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  1. Hajer El Oussini
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Correspondence to Luc Dupuis.

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El Oussini, H., Bayer, H., Scekic-Zahirovic, J. et al. Serotonin 2B receptor slows disease progression and prevents degeneration of spinal cord mononuclear phagocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 131, 465–480 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-016-1534-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-016-1534-4

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