Abstract
High-speed imaging is in popular demand for a broad range of experiments in fluids. It allows for a detailed visualization of the event under study by acquiring a series of image frames captured at high temporal and spatial resolution. This review covers high-speed imaging basics, by defining criteria for high-speed imaging experiments in fluids and to give rule of thumbs for a series of cases. It also considers stroboscopic imaging, triggering and illumination, and scaling issues. It provides guidelines for testing and calibration. Ultra-high-speed imaging at frame rates exceeding 1 million frames per second is reviewed, and the combination of conventional experiments in fluid techniques with high-speed imaging techniques is discussed. The review is concluded with a high-speed imaging chart, which summarizes criteria for temporal scale and spatial scale and which facilitates the selection of a high-speed imaging system for the application.
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Acknowledgments
This hands-on review on high-speed imaging has not been possible without the numerous and valuable contributions of my dear colleagues and friends in the various fields of research. I would therefore like to acknowledge contributions and support from Detlef Lohse and Nico de Jong. I also enjoyed many scientific discussions with Claus-Dieter Ohl, Chao Sun, and Goji Etoh. I also gratefully acknowledge the valuable and extensive discussions with my former PhD students Erik Gelderblom, Arjan van der Bos, Aaldert Zijlstra, Bram Verhaagen, Christian Veldhuis, and Wim van Hoeve. Many undergraduate students have contributed in the course of the Physics of Fluids lab course and Experimental Methods in Fluid Mechanics course, and in particular I would like to thank Tim Segers and Hans Kroes for contributions to Fig. 1c, Sander van der Meer and Ramon van den Berg to Fig. 3, Arthur van Bilsen and Raymond Bergmann to Fig. 8, and Rik Groenen, Elbert van Putten, Erik Gelderblom, and Ramy El-Dardiry to Fig. 15. Furthermore, I would like to thank Devaraj van der Meer, Chien Ting “Cash” Chin, Frits Mastik, Charles Lancée, Martijn Frijlink, Elmer Koene, Rik Vos, Manish Arora, Rory Dijkink, Marlies Overvelde, Jos de Jong, Valeria Garbin, Siggi Thoroddsen, Flordeliza Villanueva, Xucai Chen, Peter Andresen\(^{\dagger},\) Theo van der Meer, Marcus Aldén, Clemens Kaminski, Edwin van der Bunt, Jan Tukker, Mike Bailey, Larry Crum, and Tom Matula, and Hans Reinten and Mark van den Berg of Océ Technologies and Paul Duineveld of Philips for their contributions to this review. I would like to acknowledge various technical discussions with Frans Langeweg of Kodak MASD/Roper Scientific/Redlake, Vance Parker, Sid Nebeker, and Nathan Nebeker of Cordin Company, Tim Nicholls of Photron, Kinko Tsuji, and Yasushi Kondo of Shimadzu Corporation, and John Boaler and Heiner Voges of LaVision. The technical skills of Henni Scholten\(^{\dagger},\) Gert-Wim Bruggert, Bas Benschop, Martin Bos, and of Jan Honkoop, Leo Bekkering, Wim van Alphen, and Cees Pakvis of Erasmus MC are gratefully acknowledged.
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Versluis, M. High-speed imaging in fluids. Exp Fluids 54, 1458 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-013-1458-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-013-1458-x