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Molecular insights into sensing, regulation and improving of heat tolerance in plants

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Abstract

Climate-change-mediated increase in temperature extremes has become a threat to plant productivity. Heat stress-induced changes in growth pattern, sensitivity to pests, plant phonologies, flowering, shrinkage of maturity period, grain filling, and increased senescence result in significant yield losses. Heat stress triggers multitude of cellular, physiological and molecular responses in plants beginning from the early sensing followed by signal transduction, osmolyte synthesis, antioxidant defense, and heat stress-associated gene expression. Several genes and metabolites involved in heat perception and in the adaptation response have been isolated and characterized in plants. Heat stress responses are also regulated by the heat stress transcription factors (HSFs), miRNAs and transcriptional factors which together form another layer of regulatory circuit. With the availability of functionally validated candidate genes, transgenic approaches have been applied for developing heat-tolerant transgenic maize, tobacco and sweet potato. In this review, we present an account of molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance and discuss the current developments in genetic manipulation for heat tolerant crops for future sustainable agriculture.

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  1. Nupur Saini and Ganesh Chandrakant Nikalje contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vidyalaya, Raipur, 492012, India

    Nupur Saini

  2. PG Department of Botany, Seva Sadan’s R. K. Talreja College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ulhasnagar, 421003, India

    Ganesh Chandrakant Nikalje

  3. Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190019, India

    Sajad Majeed Zargar

  4. Ex-Scientist, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400085, India

    Penna Suprasanna

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  1. Nupur Saini
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  3. Sajad Majeed Zargar
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  4. Penna Suprasanna
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NS: Literature survey and first draft; GN: conceptualization, literature survey, and revision; SMZ: revision; PS: conceptualization, critical revision, and final draft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Saini, N., Nikalje, G.C., Zargar, S.M. et al. Molecular insights into sensing, regulation and improving of heat tolerance in plants. Plant Cell Rep 41, 799–813 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02793-3

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