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Medium salt strength induced changes in growth, physiology and secondary metabolite content in adventitious roots of Morinda citrifolia: the role of antioxidant enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia lyase

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Abstract

In an attempt to improve growth and secondary metabolite production, and to understand the possible mechanism involved in relation to the changes in physiology and activities of antioxidant enzymes, we cultured Morinda citrifolia adventitious roots in different strength (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5 mg l−1 indole butyric acid and 30 g l−1 sucrose. Quarter-strength MS medium was proven suitable for the production of both root biomass and secondary metabolites [anthraquinone (AQ), phenolics and flavonoids]. With the increasing salt strength, root growth and AQ accumulation decreased significantly. Higher (1.5 and 2 MS) salt strength provoked osmotic stress resulted in more than twofold free proline accumulation than lower salt strength treated roots and induced free radical scavenging activity. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity showed a positive correlation in relation to salt strength that leads to an increase in phenol biosynthesis in expense of AQ formation. The elevated catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) and superoxide dismutase activities and decreased ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were observed in roots treated with 2.0 MS. On the other hand, APX activity was strongly activated along with considerable increase in CAT activity at 0.25 MS treated culture. However, the joint functions of CAT, G-POD and APX at 0.25 MS treated cultures were efficient to eliminate the potential danger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as evidenced from low H2O2 accumulation and low level of lipid peroxidation.

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Abbreviations

AQ:

Anthraquinone

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

DPPH:

1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

EC:

Electrical conductivity

G-POD:

Guaiacol peroxidase

IBA:

Indole butyric acid

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

WP:

Water potential

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Acknowledgments

This research work is partially supported by basic science program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. The author expresses his sincere thanks to Dr. Elena V. Popova (National Agrobiodiversity Center, RDA, Republic of Korea) to edit the article and constructive suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, 361-763, Republic of Korea

    Md. Abdullahil Baque, Eun-Jung Lee & Kee-Yoeup Paek

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  1. Md. Abdullahil Baque
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  2. Eun-Jung Lee
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  3. Kee-Yoeup Paek
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Correspondence to Kee-Yoeup Paek.

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Communicated by J. Zou.

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Abdullahil Baque, M., Lee, EJ. & Paek, KY. Medium salt strength induced changes in growth, physiology and secondary metabolite content in adventitious roots of Morinda citrifolia: the role of antioxidant enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Plant Cell Rep 29, 685–694 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-010-0854-4

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