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Risk Factors for Prolonged Postoperative Ileus in Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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Abstract

Background

Prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI) represents a frequent complication following colorectal surgery, affecting approximately 10–15% of these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perioperative risk factors for PPOI development in colorectal surgery.

Methods

The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, and LILACS databases were searched, without language or time restrictions, from inception until December 2018. The keywords used were: Ileus, colon, colorectal, sigmoid, rectal, postoperative, postoperatory, surgery, risk, factors. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale and the Jadad scale were used for bias assessment, while the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for quality assessment of evidence on outcome levels.

Results

Of the 64 studies included, 42 were evaluated in the meta-analysis, comprising 29,736 patients (51.84% males; mean age 62 years), of whom 2844 (9.56%) developed PPOI. Significant risk factors for PPOI development were: male sex (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.25–1.63), age (MD 3.17; 95% CI 1.63–4.71), cardiac comorbidities (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.19–2.00), previous abdominal surgery (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.19, 1.75), laparotomy (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.77–3.44), and ostomy creation (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.04–1.98). Included studies evidenced a moderate heterogeneity. The quality of evidence was regarded as very low-moderate according to the GRADE approach.

Conclusions

Multiple factors, including demographic characteristics, past medical history, and surgical approach, may increase the risk of developing PPOI in colorectal surgery patients. The awareness of these will allow a more accurate assessment of PPOI risk in order to take measures to decrease its impact on this population.

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Acknowledgements

We want to acknowledge the Universidad Industrial de Santander for its continuous support and accompaniment in the research processes conducted by students and residents. We also acknowledge Dr. Dennis Rosen, M.D., Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School for his valuable critical review of the manuscript.

Funding

No funding bodies had any role in the study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hospital Universitario de Santander, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

    Andrea Carolina Quiroga-Centeno, Pedro Antonio Martin-Mojica & Sergio Andrés Castañeda-Alfonso

  2. Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

    Kihara Alejandra Jerez-Torra

  3. Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia

    María Emma Castillo-Sánchez

  4. Department of Surgery, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

    Oscar Fernando Calvo-Corredor

  5. Member Grupo de Investigación en Cirugía y Especialidades Quirúrgicas (GRICES-UIS), School of Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Street 32 · 29-31, Bucaramanga, Colombia

    Sergio Alejandro Gómez-Ochoa

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Contributions

G-O acted as a principal investigator. G-O had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. G-O, Q-C, and M-M performed the concept and design. All authors were involved in acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data. Q-C, C-A, and G-O drafted the manuscript. G-O, Q-C, C-C, J-T, and C-C performed the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. G-O was involved in statistical analysis. C, C-A, M-M, J-T, and C-C performed administrative, technical, or material support. G-O and C-C were involved in supervision.

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Correspondence to Sergio Alejandro Gómez-Ochoa.

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Quiroga-Centeno, A.C., Jerez-Torra, K.A., Martin-Mojica, P.A. et al. Risk Factors for Prolonged Postoperative Ileus in Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. World J Surg 44, 1612–1626 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-019-05366-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-019-05366-4

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