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Evolution of innate-like T cells and their selection by MHC class I-like molecules

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Abstract

Until recently, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like-restricted innate-like αβT (iT) cells expressing an invariant or semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire were thought to be a recent evolutionary acquisition restricted to mammals. However, molecular and functional studies in Xenopus laevis have demonstrated that iT cells, defined as MHC class I-like-restricted innate-like αβT cells with a semi-invariant TCR, are evolutionarily conserved and prominent from early development in amphibians. As these iT cells lack the specificity conferred by conventional αβ TCRs, it is generally considered that they are specialized to recognize conserved antigens equivalent to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Thus, one advantage offered by the MHC class I-like iT cell-based recognition system is that it can be adapted to a common pathogen and function on the basis of a relatively small number of T cells. Although iT cells have only been functionally described in mammals and amphibians, the identification of non-classical MHC/MHC class I-like genes in other groups of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates suggests that iT cells have a broader phylogenetic distribution than previously envisioned. In this review, we discuss the possible role of iT cells during the emergence of the jawed vertebrate adaptive immune system.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Edith Lord for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by an R24-AI-059830 grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID). M.B. was supported by a predoctoral fellowship Ruth L. Kirschstein Predoctoral F31 (F31CA192664) from the National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI). E-S.E. was supported by the National Science Foundation IOS-1456213 and a 2015 Career in Immunology Fellowship from the American Association of Immunologists.

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA

    Eva-Stina Edholm, Maureen Banach & Jacques Robert

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  1. Eva-Stina Edholm
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Correspondence to Jacques Robert.

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This article is published in the Special Issue CD1, MR1, NKT, and MAIT: Evolution and Origins of Non-peptidic Antigen Recognition by T lymphocytes with Guest Editor Dr. Dirk Zajonc

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Edholm, ES., Banach, M. & Robert, J. Evolution of innate-like T cells and their selection by MHC class I-like molecules. Immunogenetics 68, 525–536 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-016-0929-7

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