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Analysis of the reptile CD1 genes: evolutionary implications

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Abstract

CD1, as the third family of antigen-presenting molecules, is previously only found in mammals and chickens, which suggests that the chicken and mammalian CD1 shared a common ancestral gene emerging at least 310 million years ago. Here, we describe CD1 genes in the green anole lizard and Crocodylia, demonstrating that CD1 is ubiquitous in mammals, birds, and reptiles. Although the reptilian CD1 protein structures are predicted to be similar to human CD1d and chicken CD1.1, CD1 isotypes are not found to be orthologous between mammals, birds, and reptiles according to phylogenetic analyses, suggesting an independent diversification of CD1 isotypes during the speciation of mammals, birds, and reptiles. In the green anole lizard, although the single CD1 locus and MHC I gene are located on the same chromosome, there is an approximately 10-Mb-long sequence in between, and interestingly, several genes flanking the CD1 locus belong to the MHC paralogous region on human chromosome 19. The CD1 genes in Crocodylia are located in two loci, respectively linked to the MHC region and MHC paralogous region (corresponding to the MHC paralogous region on chromosome 19). These results provide new insights for studying the origin and evolution of CD1.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31272433).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China

    Zhi Yang, Chunyan Wang, Tao Wang, Jianhui Bai, Xuhan Liu, Ying Guo, Yaofeng Zhao & Liming Ren

  2. Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China

    Yu Zhao

  3. Bioyong (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Qingwei Ma

  4. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Qingwei Ma

  5. Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resource, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaobing Wu

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  1. Zhi Yang
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  2. Chunyan Wang
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  3. Tao Wang
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  4. Jianhui Bai
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  5. Yu Zhao
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  7. Qingwei Ma
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  8. Xiaobing Wu
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  9. Ying Guo
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  10. Yaofeng Zhao
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  11. Liming Ren
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Correspondence to Liming Ren.

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Yang, Z., Wang, C., Wang, T. et al. Analysis of the reptile CD1 genes: evolutionary implications. Immunogenetics 67, 337–346 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-015-0837-2

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