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Evolution of CC chemokines in teleost fish: a case study in gene duplication and implications for immune diversity

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Abstract

Chemokines are a superfamily of cytokines responsible for regulating cell migration under both inflammatory and physiological conditions. CC chemokines are the largest subfamily of chemokines, with 28 members in humans. A subject of intense study in mammalian species, the known functional roles of CC chemokines ligands in both developmental and disease conditions continue to expand. They are also an important family for the study of gene copy number variation and tandem duplication in mammalian species. However, little is known regarding the evolutionary origin and status of these ligands in primitive vertebrates such as teleost fish. In this paper, we review the evolution of the teleost fish CC chemokine gene family, noting evidence of widespread tandem gene duplications and examining the implications of this phenomenon on immune diversity. Through extensive phylogenetic analysis of the CC chemokine sets of four teleost species, zebrafish, catfish, rainbow trout, and Atlantic salmon, we identified seven large groups of CC chemokines. It appeared that several major groups of CC chemokines are highly related including the CCL19/21/25 group, the CCL20 group, CCL27/28 group, and the fish-specific group. In the three remaining groups that contained the largest number of members, the CCL17/22 group, the MIP group, and the MCP group, similarities among species members were obscured by rapid, tandem duplications that may contribute to immune diversity.

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Acknowledgment

Our research is supported by USDA CSREES grants under the National Research Initiative Animal Genome Program and NOAA Sea Grant Gulf Oyster Industry Program. We appreciate the efforts of the Aquaculture Genome research community for their submission of ESTs into GenBank that made this work possible.

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  1. The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Eric Peatman & Zhanjiang Liu

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  1. Eric Peatman
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  2. Zhanjiang Liu
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Correspondence to Zhanjiang Liu.

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Peatman, E., Liu, Z. Evolution of CC chemokines in teleost fish: a case study in gene duplication and implications for immune diversity. Immunogenetics 59, 613–623 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-007-0228-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-007-0228-4

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