Abstract
Due to its unique physical structure and chemical properties, graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) and derived commodities have been widely used in commercial products, particularly biomedical applications, which has significantly increased the risk of human exposure. There exists significant evidence that GFNs are accumulated in a number of tissues and organs through different exposure pathways, and further cause toxicity manifested as lesions or functional impairment. Moreover, GFNs can be internalized by varing cell types and induce cytoskeletal disorders, organelle dysfunction, and interact directly with biological macromolecules such as DNA, mRNA and proteins, ultimately resulting in greater rates of cell apoptosis, necrosis and autophagic cell death. The toxicological effect of GFN is closely related to its lateral size, surface structure, functionalization, and propensity to adsorb proteins. Using major data published over the past four years, this review presents and summarizes state of current understanding of GFN toxicology and identifies current deficiencies and challenges. This review aims to help improve evaluation of the biocompatibility of GFNs and provides theoretical guidance for their safe application.
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08 February 2021
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-02999-0
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81870786), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2019M662986, 2019M662977), and the Science research cultivation program of stomatological hospital, Southern medical university (Grant No. FY2019006).
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Supplementary file1 (JPG 1088 kb)
Fig. S1 (A) The simulation model of HP35 on defective graphene (D-Gra). Na+ ions are displayed as blue spheres. The HP35 protein is shown in ribbon representation. The water boundaries are shown as gray surfaces. The inset depicts the structure of a defect. The carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms of D-Gra are shown as gray, red and white spheres, respectively. (B-D) Last snapshots of HP35 on D-Gra from three independent trajectories at 500 ns (only part of the graphene and defects near the protein HP35 are shown, with the sidechains of the key residues forming direct contacts with D-Gra highlighted). (E-G) Last snapshots of HP35 on ideal graphene (I-Gra) from three independent trajectories at 500 ns (only part of the I-Gra near HP35 is shown). Reprinted with permission from Ref. (Gu et al. 2019). Copyright Nanoscale.
Supplementary file2 (JPG 1867 kb)
Fig. S2 A schematic delineating the mechanism underlying GO-induced cox2 activation through the dynamic chromosomal interactions. Reprinted with permission from Ref. (Sun et al. 2018). Copyright Nanotoxicology.
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Xiaoli, F., Qiyue, C., Weihong, G. et al. Toxicology data of graphene-family nanomaterials: an update. Arch Toxicol 94, 1915–1939 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02717-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02717-2