Abstract
The development and application of molecular methods in oats has been relatively slow compared with other crops. Results from the previous analyses have left many questions concerning species evolutionary relationships unanswered, especially regarding the origins of the B and D genomes, which are only known to be present in polyploid oat species. To investigate the species and genome relationships in genus Avena, among 13 diploid (A and C genomes), we used the second intron of the nuclear gene FLORICAULA/LEAFY (FL int2) in seven tetraploid (AB and AC genomes), and five hexaploid (ACD genome) species. The Avena FL int2 is rather long, and high levels of variation in length and sequence composition were found. Evidence for more than one copy of the FL int2 sequence was obtained for both the A and C genome groups, and the degree of divergence of the A genome copies was greater than that observed within the C genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the FL int2 sequences resulted in topologies that contained four major groups; these groups reemphasize the major genomic divergence between the A and C genomes, and the close relationship among the A, B, and D genomes. However, the D genome in hexaploids more likely originated from a C genome diploid rather than the generally believed A genome, and the C genome diploid A. clauda may have played an important role in the origination of both the C and D genome in polyploids.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), the National Small Grains Collection, ARS, USDA, and Dr. Eric N. Jellen, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA, for kindly providing the Avena material. We are very grateful to Mrs Charlene Wight, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, for her most valuable help and comments on the manuscript. We also wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the Earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (NYCYTX-14). Yuan-Ying Peng was supported by the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Fund of Sichuan Agricultural University (YBPY0802).
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Communicated by P. Heslop-Harrison.
Y.-Y. Peng and Y.-M. Wei contributed equally to this work.
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Peng, YY., Wei, YM., Baum, B.R. et al. Phylogenetic inferences in Avena based on analysis of FL intron2 sequences. Theor Appl Genet 121, 985–1000 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1367-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1367-9