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Relationships among Avena species as revealed by consensus chloroplast simple sequence repeat (ccSSR) markers

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Abstract

Consensus chloroplast simple sequence repeat (ccSSR) makers were used to assess the genetic variation and genetic relationships of 80 accessions from 25 taxa of the genus Avena. Fifteen out of 16 ccSSR markers (93.75%) were polymorphic. A total of 51 alleles were detected at the 16 ccSSR loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 6, with an average of 3.2 alleles. Among these ccSSR loci, the highest polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.754, while the lowest PIC value was 0. The mean genetic similarity index among the 80 Avena accessions was 0.545, ranging from 0.188 to 1.000. To assess the usefulness of ccSSRs in separating and distinguishing between haplome (genome) groups, we used ordination by canonical discriminant analysis and classificatory discriminant analysis. Although discriminant analysis separated the haplome groups unequivocally, it was up to 69% predictive of correctly classifying an individual plant whose haplome(s) is unknown in the case where it belonged to the A haplome group, 75% where it belonged in the AC group, and almost 80% where it belonged in the ACD group. The analysis of genetic similarity showed that diploid species with the A haplome were more diverse than other species, and that the species with the As haplome were more divergent than other diploid species with the A haplome. Among the species with the C haplome, A. clauda was more diverse than A. eriantha and A. ventricosa. In the cluster analysis, we found that the Avena accessions with the same genomes and/or belonging to the same species had the tendency to cluster together. As for the maternal donors of polyploid species based on this maternally inherited marker, A. strigosa served as the maternal donor of some Avena polyploidy species such as A. sativa, A. sterilis and A. occidentalis from Morocco. A. fatua is genetically distinct from other hexaploid Avena species, and A. damascena might be the A genome donor of A. fatua. Avena lusitanica served as the maternal parents during the polyploid formation of the AACC tetraploids and some AACCDD hexaploids. These results suggested that different diploid species were the putative A haplome donors of the tetraploid and hexaploid species. The C genome species A. eriantha and A. ventricosa are largely differentiated from the Avena species containing the A, or B, or D haplomes, whereas A. clauda from different accessions were found to be scattered within different groups.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) and the National Small Grains Collection, ARS, USDA, for kindly providing the Avena material. We are grateful to Mrs. Charlene Wight, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada, for many mostly editorial changes that have improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program 2006AA10Z179 and 2006AA10Z1F8) and the FANEDD project (200357 and 200458) of the Ministry of Education, China. Dr. Y.-M. Wei was supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China (NCET-05-0814).

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  1. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China

    Wei-Tao Li, Yuan-Ying Peng & Yu-Ming Wei

  2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China

    Wei-Tao Li & You-Liang Zheng

  3. Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6

    Bernard R. Baum

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  1. Wei-Tao Li
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Wei-Tao Li and Yuan-Ying Peng have contributed equally to this paper.

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Li, WT., Peng, YY., Wei, YM. et al. Relationships among Avena species as revealed by consensus chloroplast simple sequence repeat (ccSSR) markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 56, 465–480 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-008-9379-x

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