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Cytoglobin: biochemical, functional and clinical perspective of the newest member of the globin family

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Abstract

Since the discovery of cytoglobin (Cygb) a decade ago, growing amounts of data have been gathered to characterise Cygb biochemistry, functioning and implication in human pathologies. Its molecular roles remain under investigation, but nitric oxide dioxygenase and lipid peroxidase activities have been demonstrated. Cygb expression increases in response to various stress conditions including hypoxia, oxidative stress and fibrotic stimulation. When exogenously overexpressed, Cygb revealed cytoprotection against these factors. Cygb was shown to be upregulated in fibrosis and neurodegenerative disorders and downregulated in multiple cancer types. CYGB was also found within the minimal region of a hereditary tylosis with oesophageal cancer syndrome, and its expression was reduced in tylotic samples. Recently, Cygb has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro, thus confirming its suggested tumour suppressor role. This article aims to review the biochemical and functional aspects of Cygb, its involvement in various pathological conditions and potential clinical utility.

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Acknowledgment

We would like to acknowledge the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation (Liverpool, UK) for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Research Centre, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK

    Urszula Oleksiewicz, Triantafillos Liloglou, John K. Field & George Xinarianos

  2. Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place (1st floor), Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK

    George Xinarianos

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  1. Urszula Oleksiewicz
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  2. Triantafillos Liloglou
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  3. John K. Field
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  4. George Xinarianos
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Correspondence to George Xinarianos.

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Oleksiewicz, U., Liloglou, T., Field, J.K. et al. Cytoglobin: biochemical, functional and clinical perspective of the newest member of the globin family. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 68, 3869–3883 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0764-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0764-9

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