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Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in western Coimbatore, South India

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Abstract

Groundwater is the only freshwater in the region, as textile industry effluents pollute the Noyyal river. Therefore, a hydrogeochemical investigation was conducted in the western Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu to examine the groundwater chemistry and its appropriateness for drinking and irrigation. For this purpose, 25 groundwater samples from a borewell were obtained in precleaned 1-L polythene bottles within the study area. The study found that almost all the analysed groundwater samples contained total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (\({\text{Na}}^{ + }\)), potassium (\({\text{K}}^{ + }\)), calcium \(\left( {{\text{Ca}}^{2 + } } \right)\), bicarbonate \({ }\left( {{\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - } } \right)\), and chloride (\({\text{Cl}}^{ - }\)) above the World Health Organization and the Bureau of Indian Standards recommendations for drinking water. In the investigated area, the groundwater chemistry is predominantly of \({\text{Ca}}^{2 + } - {\rm{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }\) type, as shown in the Piper Trilinear diagram. Gibbs plot shows that groundwater chemistry is controlled by rock–water interaction. A geographic information system (GIS) platform was used to create a spatial distribution map of all the physical and chemical parameters. About 60% of the groundwater sample fall in the poor water class according to the Water Quality Index (WQI) assessment. In contrast, most groundwater samples are found suitable for irrigation purposes by computing sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, salinity hazard, Kelly ratio, residual sodium carbonate and permeability index. These hydrogeochemical results could benefit stakeholders and farmers by managing the water resources in the study area.

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Acknowledgements

The first author acknowledges the financial support received in the form of a Research Fellowship (Award No: 201718-NFST-MAN-00426) under the scheme "National Fellowship and Scholarship for Higher Education of ST Students" from the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India. The authors are highly grateful to the editor in chief and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions to improve the manuscript's quality.

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  1. Centre for Applied Geology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute–Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624302, India

    Karung Phaisonreng Kom & B. Gurugnanam

  2. Department of Geology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, India

    V. Sunitha & Y. Sudharshan Reddy

  3. Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

    Ajay Kumar Kadam

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  1. Karung Phaisonreng Kom
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1. KPK, BG and VS developed the adopted methodology. 2. KPK, VS, YSR and AK executed the computations and analytical methods. 3. KOK, BG and VS, have constructed the theory. 4. KPK, BG, VS, YSR and AK have presented the results and assisted in composing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Karung Phaisonreng Kom.

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Kom, K.P., Gurugnanam, B., Sunitha, V. et al. Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in western Coimbatore, South India. Int J Energ Water Res 6, 475–494 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-021-00138-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-021-00138-0

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