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Crop Wild Relatives: An Underutilized Genetic Resource for Improving Agricultural Productivity and Food Security

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Agricultural Research for Sustainable Food Systems in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Growth in global food demand, depleting natural resources, and the potential impacts of climate change have created an increased need to search for strategies to combat with. So far efforts have been made to increase the crop productivity and input use efficiency mainly through agronomic means which may not be sufficient to meet the future food production challenges. To deliver higher productivity in agriculture and to secure food diversity, effective crop improvement programs are vital to develop new crop varieties, which are not only resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses with higher yields and enhanced quality but also to be able to thrive under anticipating low-input farming environments. Since the genetic variability used so far has limited applications for the issues confronted with productivity, resilience, resistance, and food quality, breeders are now in the quest of seeking new genetic diversity to add new traits necessary to face future challenges. One such untapped genetic diversity exists with the close relatives of domesticated crop plants, crop wild relatives (CWR), those which collectively constitute an enormous reservoir of genetic diversity which can be utilized to produce new crop varieties that withstand adverse impacts of climate change, scarcity of water and other inputs, and new pests and diseases and to add diversity to the food basket. These genetic resources will help to enhance the agricultural production and sustaining productivity while ensuring food security, in the context of future challenges in food production. Transferring such traits of interest from wild species into crop backgrounds is time-consuming and requires significant funding and access to advanced technologies. Even though novel breeding techniques are available, instances of utilization of CWR to develop new varieties are scarcely reported in Sri Lanka. A holistic approach is needed to make use of CWR in developing diverse, resilient, and resource-efficient crop varieties that can contribute to a more sustainable and productive agriculture.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

    R. M. Fonseka

  2. Onesh Agri Pvt Ltd., Colombo, Sri Lanka

    H. H. D. Fonseka

  3. University of Sri Jayewardanepure, Colombo, Sri Lanka

    K. M. R. D. Abhyapala

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  1. R. M. Fonseka
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  2. H. H. D. Fonseka
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  3. K. M. R. D. Abhyapala
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Peradeniya, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

    Ranjith Premalal De Silva

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

    Gamini Pushpakumara

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

    Pahan Prasada

  4. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

    Jeevika Weerahewa

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Fonseka, R.M., Fonseka, H.H.D., Abhyapala, K.M.R.D. (2020). Crop Wild Relatives: An Underutilized Genetic Resource for Improving Agricultural Productivity and Food Security. In: De Silva, R.P., Pushpakumara, G., Prasada, P., Weerahewa, J. (eds) Agricultural Research for Sustainable Food Systems in Sri Lanka. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3673-1_2

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