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Symbiotic Microorganisms Enhance Antioxidant Defense in Plants Exposed to Metal/Metalloid-Contaminated Soils

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Plants Under Metal and Metalloid Stress

Abstract

Symbiotic microorganisms increase plants resistance to metal(oid)s toxicity by various mechanisms, including changes in antioxidant defense system. Apparently, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and diazotrophic bacteria modify the antioxidant system response to metal(oid)s contamination. There are positive results in enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems. AMF can accumulate ROS in your structures (arbuscules, apoplastic spaces of hyphae, fungal cytosol, intracellular hyphae, cell wall of hyphae and spores). These microorganisms up-regulate various antioxidant defense system enzymes such as SOD, CAT, POD, APX, and GR and regulate genes encoding proteins involved in ROS homeostasis. Higher concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, tocopherol, carotenoids) occur more frequently in colonized plants. Future research should prioritize physiological and molecular genetic approaches under metal(loid)s phytotoxicity in plants associated with these microorganisms. Moreover, advanced ultrastructural analysis techniques can support identification of ROS and antioxidant molecules and enzymes distribution in the structures of these microorganisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nature Science Center, Federal University of São Carlos, Buri, São Paulo, Brazil

    Laíze A. F. Vilela, Felipe M. O. Lourenço & Marta D. Souza

  2. Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Anita F. S. Teixeira

Authors
  1. Laíze A. F. Vilela
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  2. Anita F. S. Teixeira
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  3. Felipe M. O. Lourenço
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  4. Marta D. Souza
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Correspondence to Laíze A. F. Vilela .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

  2. Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Kamrun Nahar

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan

    Masayuki Fujita

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Vilela, L.A.F., Teixeira, A.F.S., Lourenço, F.M.O., Souza, M.D. (2018). Symbiotic Microorganisms Enhance Antioxidant Defense in Plants Exposed to Metal/Metalloid-Contaminated Soils. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Fujita, M. (eds) Plants Under Metal and Metalloid Stress. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2242-6_13

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