Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene is responsible for a multiple biological processes in plants and also regulates plants’ response to various biotic-abiotic stress conditions. Ethylene with low concentration enhances seedling emergence, root hair development, and root extension, while its higher concentration resulted into inhibition of root elongation. The significant function of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-deaminase is reported in alleviating environmental biotic-abiotic stress conditions, and ACC serves as the precursor of plant hormone ethylene synthesized in plant tissues during stressful conditions. The enzyme ACC-deaminase produced by several rhizobacteria catalyzes the deprivation of ACC, consequently reducing deleterious ethylene level in the stressed plant. ACC-deaminase enzyme basically cleaves the ethylene precursor ACC to α-ketobutyrate and ammonia, which is further metabolized by rhizobacteria for their growth and development. ACC-deaminase producing rhizobacteria are responsible in facilitating the resistance to plants against stressful environmental conditions including salinity, drought, flooding, metal and organic contamination, and phytopathogens. ACC-deaminase is an inducible enzyme and its synthesis is stimulated in the presence of substrate ACC. ACC-deaminase is encoded by gene AcdS and regulated in a discrepancy way under different stressed environmental conditions. Application of rhizobacterial AcdS gene has been employed in developing transgenic plants conferring ACC-deaminase gene which showed enhanced tolerance against biotic-abiotic stresses in plants. The rhizobacteria acquiring AcdS gene encoding enzyme ACC-deaminase are known to exhibit productivity in a variety of crops under stressful conditions; thus, they can be considered as potential candidates for development of microbial inoculants and stress busters in stressed agriculture.
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Soni, R., Yadav, S.K., Rajput, A.S. (2018). ACC-Deaminase Producing Rhizobacteria: Prospects and Application as Stress Busters for Stressed Agriculture. In: Panpatte, D., Jhala, Y., Shelat, H., Vyas, R. (eds) Microorganisms for Green Revolution. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 7. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7146-1_9
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