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Provitamin A Enrichment for Tackling Malnutrition

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Banana: Genomics and Transgenic Approaches for Genetic Improvement

Abstract

People in many developing countries are affected by malnutrition due to either less availability of nutritious food or unbalanced diet. The major micronutrient deficiencies in the world are vitamin A, iron, zinc and iodine. Vitamin A deficiency is a leading cause of preventable blindness, growth retardation and decreased resistance to infection. Most of the population in developing countries rely on staple crops; thereby, the biofortification of these crops would be considered as a promising cost-effective and sustainable approach. Banana is an important staple fruit crop that contributes significantly towards the food security in many developing countries where vitamin A deficiency is a major problem. Transgenic banana with up to 20 μg/g dry weight β-carotene has been developed, and field trials are in progress in Uganda. Fruit-specific promoters and carotenoid pathway-related genes in banana were characterized for their role in the development of cisgenic biofortified crop. The recent advancement in precise genome engineering can open the novel prospect for the improvement of banana. These biotechnological approaches could be more advantageous to address regulatory and biosafety challenges for commercialization of biofortified banana. This chapter summarizes the prevalence of vitamin A micronutrient deficiency as well as the highlighted progress in biotechnological approaches for their possible role in the development of provitamin A-enriched banana.

Author contributed equally with all other contributors.

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Acknowledgements

Authors express their gratitude to National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology (Government of India) and Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) (A Government of India Enterprise) for supporting the research work on provitamin A biofortification in Indian banana. NK and S are thankful to Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh for Ph.D. support and facility.

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    1. National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, 160071, Punjab, India

      Navneet Kaur,  Shivani, Ashutosh Pandey & Siddharth Tiwari

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    1. Navneet Kaur
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    2. Shivani
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    3. Ashutosh Pandey
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    4. Siddharth Tiwari
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    Correspondence to Siddharth Tiwari .

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    1. Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

      Sukhada Mohandas

    2. Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

      Kundapura V. Ravishankar

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    Kaur, N., Shivani, Pandey, A., Tiwari, S. (2016). Provitamin A Enrichment for Tackling Malnutrition. In: Mohandas, S., Ravishankar, K. (eds) Banana: Genomics and Transgenic Approaches for Genetic Improvement. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1585-4_19

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