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Chapter 14 C4 Decarboxylases: Different Solutions for the Same Biochemical Problem, the Provision of CO2 to Rubisco in the Bundle Sheath Cells

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C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 32))

Summary

The decarboxylation of C4 acids in the bundle sheath cells (BSCs) is a key step in the C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation pathway. Depending on the particular subtype of C4-species, this process can be mediated by different enzymes: NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) and/or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and each enzyme has a different subcellular compartmentalization within the BSCs. Thus, the C4 subtype cycle mediated by each decarboxylase displays distinguishing features in leaf anatomy, biochemistry and physiology. In some cases, the operation of more than one type of decarboxylating enzyme in the C4 photosynthetic process has been described. During the last few years, remarkable advances have been made in the characterization of different isoforms of each C4 decarboxylase. In most cases, non-photosynthetic isoforms of the C4-decarboxylating enzymes involved in primary and/or secondary metabolisms were characterized. These non-C4 isoforms were for sure the starting point for the evolution of the C4-specific decarboxylases through the gaining of characteristics that make them more suitable to fulfill the requirements of the photosynthetic process. For each decarboxylating enzyme, the analysis of phylogenetic relationships reveals several features of the molecular evolution of the C4 process which accomplished the same biochemical aim: the generation of CO2 in the vecinity of Rubisco in BSCs, reducing photorespiration and enhancing photosynthesis.

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Abbreviations

3-PGA:

3-Phosphoglycerate

BSC:

Bundle sheath cell

CAM:

Crassulacean acid metabolism

MC:

Mesophyll cell

NAD-ME:

NAD-malic enzyme

NADP-ME:

NADP-malic enzyme

OAA:

Oxaloacetate

PEP:

Phosphoenolpyruvate

PEPC:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

PEPCK:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

PPDK:

Pyruvateorthophosphate dikinase

Rubisco:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

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Acknowledgments

The work of the authors is funded by grants from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. MVL, MFD and CSA are members of the Researcher Career of CONICET.

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  1. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI) – Facultad Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Suipacha 531.2000, Rosario, Argentina

    María F. Drincovich, María V. Lara & Carlos S. Andreo

  2. Botanisches Institut, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany

    Veronica G. Maurino

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  1. María F. Drincovich
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  2. María V. Lara
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  3. Carlos S. Andreo
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  4. Veronica G. Maurino
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Correspondence to Carlos S. Andreo .

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  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India

    Agepati S. Raghavendra

  2. Dept. Botany, University of Toronto, Willcocks Street 25, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Ontario, Canada

    Rowan F. Sage

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Drincovich, M.F., Lara, M.V., Andreo, C.S., Maurino, V.G. (2010). Chapter 14 C4 Decarboxylases: Different Solutions for the Same Biochemical Problem, the Provision of CO2 to Rubisco in the Bundle Sheath Cells. In: Raghavendra, A., Sage, R. (eds) C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 32. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9407-0_14

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