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Importance of Glutathione in the Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis

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Glutathione in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Tolerance

Abstract

Glutathione (GSH) is essential for the proper development of root nodules during the symbiotic association of legume and rhizobia. It is involved in the antioxidant defense, the detoxification of xenobiotics, and the tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. The high level of GSH in root nodules and the presence of an active ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle suggest that GSH participates in the protection of the nitrogen-fixing process against reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from the active nodule metabolism. Glutathione-related enzymes also play a critical role in defense against ROS: (a) glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is a H2O2 scavenger that uses GSH as a reductant, (b) glutathione reductase (GR) reduces GSSG using NADPH as a source of reducing power and maintaining the GSH/GSSG ratio in cells, (c) glutathione-S-transferase (GST) catalyzes the nucleophilic conjugation of GSH with several electrophilic substrates, and (d) glutaredoxins (GRXs), small redox proteins from the thioredoxin (TRX) superfamily, use GSH as electron donor. In this chapter, the role of GSH and its related enzymes was analyzed in free-living rhizobia and in the symbiosis with the legumes as well as the responses to different abiotic stresses (acid pH, saline, drought, and heavy metals/metalloids).

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (SECYT-UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología Córdoba. E. Bianucci and A. Furlan are members of the research career from CONICET.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km. 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina

    Eliana Bianucci, Ana Furlan & Stella Castro

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  1. Eliana Bianucci
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  2. Ana Furlan
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  3. Stella Castro
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Correspondence to Stella Castro .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Anwar Hossain

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Golam Mostofa

  3. Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Murcia, Spain

    Pedro Diaz-Vivancos

  4. Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand

    David J Burritt

  5. Department of Applied Biological Science, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan

    Masayuki Fujita

  6. RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Signaling Pathway Research Unit, Yokohama, Japan

    Lam-Son Phan Tran

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Bianucci, E., Furlan, A., Castro, S. (2017). Importance of Glutathione in the Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis. In: Hossain, M., Mostofa, M., Diaz-Vivancos, P., Burritt, D., Fujita, M., Tran, LS. (eds) Glutathione in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Tolerance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66682-2_17

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