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Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gartn.) Breeding

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Cereals

Abstract

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) is a minor millet grown in the arid and semiarid tropics and subtropics of Asia and Africa. It is cultivated for food, as well as fodder and medicinal purposes. The genus Eleusine includes eight species of diploid and tetraploid annual and perennial herbs. The cultivated species also have several races and subraces and hence, finger millet displays great variability and diversity for most agronomically- important traits. It is a hardy crop which can withstand abiotic stress such as water scarcity and cold temperatures. Several genotypes are blast resistant and nutritionally rich especially in minerals and essential amino acids. Therefore, studying the germplasm diversity and selection of superior genotypes are prerequisites for a successful breeding program for crop improvement. The advent of tissue culture techniques, genomics and transcriptomics will further facilitate the study of genetic diversity. Increasing the finger millet production will help attain food and nutritional security especially for poor countries. Although the Green Revolution has transformed agriculture sector, the shift from traditional to modern production systems has led to the displacement of traditional landraces and genetic erosion of many crop species. It is thus vital to preserve the germplasm for the conservation of genetic diversity. The present chapter reviews the finger millet species, present diversity and recent breeding programs to improve the crop. The chapter also discusses the measures taken for genetic conservation of the species.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India

    Neelofar Mirza & Soma S. Marla

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

3.1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Finger Millet

Institute

Specialization and research activities

Website

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)

Research Program Dryland Cereals, Genebank repository

https://www.icrisat.org

All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP), Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), India

Research program on Small Millets, Genebank repository

http://www.aicrpsm.res.in

National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource (NBPGR), India

Research program on crop plants including small millets, Genebank repository

www.nbpgr.ernet.in

National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute (NaSARRI), Uganda

Research in crops production for semiarid production systems in the areas of seed research and production management

www.nasarri.go.ug

Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Kenya

Generating and promoting crops knowledge, information and technologies suitable for the region

www.kalro.org

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Research to generate, develop and adapt agricultural technologies suited to Ethiopian Agricultural Research System

www.eiar.gov.et

Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)

Research program on dryland cereals; crop improvement, crop management, postharvest technologies and market access to dryland cereal crops

http://gldc.cgiar.org/finger-millet/

Eastern and Central African Regional Sorghum and Millet Research Network (ECARSAM)

Enhance productivity, value adding and competitiveness of the ECA Subregional agricultural production system through increased production and productivity of sorghum and millet in quality and quantity

https://uia.org/s/or/en/

United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

Accelerated Value Chain Development (AVCD) Program -Drought Tolerant Crops (DTC) Value Chain

https://www.usaid.gov

International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

Bioversity social seeds – promoting open source seed systems for beans, forage legumes, millet and sorghum for climate change adaptation in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda

https://www.ilri.org; http://data.ilri.org/portal/

3.1.2 Appendix II: Finger Millet Genetic Resources

Cultivar

Important traits

Cultivation location

GPU 26

Early, blast tolerant, suitable for late sowings and summer

India

GPU 45

Early, blast resistant

India

Chilika (OEB 10)

Moderately resistant to blast, resistant to stem borer

India

VL 315

Moderately resistant to finger and neck blast

India

GPU 48

Early, high yield, blast resistant

India

PRM-1

Resistant to blast

India

Bharathi (VR 762)

Moderately resistant to blast

India

GPU-67

Nonlodging (semi dwarf)

India

Srichaitanya (VR-847)

Moderately resistant to blast

India

KMR-301

High grain and straw yield, tolerant to blast

India

KOPN-235

Resistant to blast

India

OEB-526

Moderately resistant to leaf, neck and finger blast

India

OEB-523

Moderately resistant to blast; nonlodging; nonshattering

India

KMR-204

Early duration variety

India

VR936

Responsive to nitrogenous fertilizers

India

PPR2700 (Vakula)

Resistant to leaf blast and tolerant to drought

India

Indira Ragi-1

Non-shattering, nonlodging, responsive to fertilizers

India

VL-352

Moderately resistant to blast

India

Chattisgarh Ragi-2

Blast resistance; suitable for rainfed conditions

India

VL-376

Responsive to fertilizer; moderately resistant to blast

India

GNN-6

Moderately resistant to leaf and finger blast

India

GN-5

White grained; moderately resistant to leaf and finger blast

India

VL Mandua-348

Suitable for organic cultivation; resistant to neck and finger blast; tolerant to lodging

India

KMR-340

White grained; resistant to blast and blight diseases, tolerant to stem borer and aphids

India

Dapoli-2 (SCN-6)

High yielding, rich in iron and calcium; moderately resistant to blast; tolerant to aphids and Spodopter littura

India

CO-15

Highly responsive to nitrogenous fertilizer; non lodging; resistant to leaf, neck and finger blast

India

GNN-7

High mineral content (Ca, P, Mg)

India

VL-379

Resistant to neck and finger blast; moderately resistant to banded sheath blight; responsive to fertilizers

India

Chattisgarh Ragi-2 (BR-36)

Moderately resistant to neck and finger blast; tolerant to stem borer and other major pests

India

DHFM-78-3

Resistant to finger and neck blast; suitable for contingency planting

India

Engeny

High yielding

Africa

U15

High yielding; drought tolerant; blast resistant; Striga weed tolerant

Africa

P224

High yielding; blast resistant; tolerant to lodging

Africa

Katumani

High yielding; dwarf variety; drought tolerant

Africa

Gulu E

High yielding

Africa

Okahale-1

High yielding; drought tolerant; blast resistant; Striga weed tolerant

Africa

Seremi 1

High yielding

Africa

Seremi 2

High yielding

Africa

Seremi 3

High yielding

Africa

Pese 1

High yielding

Africa

SX 8

High yielding

Africa

KNE 648

High yielding

Africa

SEC 915

High yielding

Africa

SEC 934

High yielding

Africa

IE 4115

High yielding

Africa

Tadesse

High yielding, drought resistant

Africa

Padet

High yielding

Africa

SDEV 87001

High yielding

Africa

Dalle-1 (IE-980)

Drought tolerant, nonlodging, susceptible to blast and Cercospora in rainy regions like Kaski

Nepal

Okhle-1 (NE1304-43)

Drought tolerant, nonlodging, field resistant to finger blast, neck blast and Cercospora leaf spot

Nepal

Kabre Kodo-1 (NF-6401-26)

Drought tolerant, nonlodging, field resistant to finger blast, neck blast and Cercospora leaf spot, tolerant to heavy rainfall

Nepal

Kabre Kodo-2 (GE-5176)

Drought tolerant, nonlodging, field resistant to finger blast, neck blast and Cercospora leaf spot

Nepal

Sailung Kodo-1 (GE-5016)

Nonlodging, moderately resistant to finger blast, neck blast and Cercospora leaf spot

Nepal

Yaroslav-8 (SE7)

Early; short height; high yielding; tolerant to low temperature

Ukraine

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Mirza, N., Marla, S.S. (2019). Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gartn.) Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Cereals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23108-8_3

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