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Current Perspectives on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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Human Cell Transformation

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1164))

Abstract

Of the ~129,079 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 72,987 associated deaths estimated for 2018, the majority will be geographically localized to South East Asia, and likely to show an upward trend annually. It is thought that disparities in dietary habits, lifestyle, and exposures to harmful environmental factors are likely the root cause of NPC incidence rates to differ geographically. Genetic differences due to ethnicity and the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are likely contributing factors. Pertinently, NPC is associated with poor prognosis which is largely attributed to lack of awareness of the salient symptoms of NPC. These include nose hemorrhage and headaches and coupled with detection and the limited therapeutic options. Treatment options include radiotherapy or chemotherapy or combination of both. Surgical excision is generally the last option considered for advanced and metastatic disease, given the close proximity of nasopharynx to brain stem cell area, major blood vessels, and nerves. To improve outcome of NPC patients, novel cellular and in vivo systems are needed to allow an understanding of the underling molecular events causal for NPC pathogenesis and for identifying novel therapeutic targets and effective therapies. While challenges and gaps in current NPC research are noted, some advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies targeting EBV NPCs are discussed in this chapter, which may offer improvements in outcome of NPC patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Hui Mei Lee & Vyomesh Patel

  2. Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia

    Kazuhida Shaun Okuda

  3. Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Fermín E. González

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  1. Hui Mei Lee
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  2. Kazuhida Shaun Okuda
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  3. Fermín E. González
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  1. Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Johng S. Rhim

  2. Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Anatoly Dritschilo

  3. Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Richard Kremer

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Lee, H.M., Okuda, K.S., González, F.E., Patel, V. (2019). Current Perspectives on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. In: Rhim, J., Dritschilo, A., Kremer, R. (eds) Human Cell Transformation. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1164. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_2

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