Abstract
Biochar, derived from thermal pyrolysis of biomass, has been regarded as a low-cost, sustainable and beneficial material and widely applied in agriculture, environment and energy during the last two decades. To elucidate the research status timely and future trends in biochar field, CiteSpace is used to systematically analyze the related literature retrieved from the Web of Science core collection in 2019. Based on the keywords clustering analysis, it was found that “biochar production”, “organic pollutants removal”, “heavy metals immobilization”, “bioremediation” were the main hotspots in research covering biochar. “Bioremediation” is an emerging topic and deserves extensive attention due to its highly effective and environmentally friendly treatment of pollutants. Improving the phytoremediation effect, immobilizing functional microorganisms on biochar, and using microorganisms as raw materials to produce biochar were the common methods of biochar-assisted bioremediation. While studies focused on “soil quality and plant growth” and “biochar and global climate change” decreased, investigations concentrated in the toxicity of biochar to soil biota and ruminants are sustainably growing. Research on direct and catalytic thermal pyrolysis of green waste (mainly microalgae) for biofuels (bio-oil, biodiesel, syngas, etc.) and biochar production is increasing. Converting municipal wastes (e.g., sewage sludge, fallen leaves) into biochar through pyrolysis was a suitable treatment for municipal waste and became a popular topic in recent time. Moreover, the biochar produced from these municipal wastes exhibited excellent performance in the removal of pollutants from wastewater and soil. This review may help to identify future directions in biochar research and applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abu Talha M, Goswami M, Giri BS, Sharma A, Rai BN, Singh RS (2018) Bioremediation of Congo red dye in immobilized batch and continuous packed bed bioreactor by Brevibacillus parabrevis using coconut shell bio-char. Bioresour Technol 252:37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.081
Ahmad M et al (2014) Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review. Chemosphere 99:19–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.071
Ahmed MJ, Okoye PU, Hummadi EH, Hameed BH (2019) High-performance porous biochar from the pyrolysis of natural and renewable seaweed (Gelidiella acerosa) and its application for the adsorption of methylene blue. Bioresour Technol 278:159–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.054
An Q, Jiang YQ, Nan HY, Yu Y, Jiang JN (2019) Unraveling sorption of nickel from aqueous solution by KMnO4 and KOH-modified peanut shell biochar: implicit mechanism. Chemosphere 214:846–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.007
Anto S, Karpagam R, Renukadevi P, Jawaharraj K, Varalakshmi P (2019) Biomass enhancement and bioconversion of brown marine microalgal lipid using heterogeneous catalysts mediated transesterification from biowaste derived biochar and bionanoparticle. Fuel 255:115789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115789
Ashokkumar V et al (2019) Bioenergy production and metallic iron (Fe) conversion from Botryococcus sp. cultivated in domestic wastewater: algal biorefinery concept. Energ Convers Manag 196:1326–1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.06.069
Atkinson CJ, Fitzgerald JD, Hipps NA (2010) Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review. Plant Soil 337:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0464-5
Bharti V et al (2019) Biodegradation of methylene blue dye in a batch and continuous mode using biochar as packing media. Environ Res 171:356–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.051
Cao LC et al (2019) Microwave-assisted low-temperature hydrothermal treatment of red seaweed (Gracilaria lemaneiformis) for production of levulinic acid and algae hydrochar. Bioresour Technol 273:251–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.013
Chen BL, Chen ZM, Lv SF (2011) A novel magnetic biochar efficiently sorbs organic pollutants and phosphate. Bioresour Technol 102:716–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.067
Chen C, Dubin R, Kim MC (2014) Emerging trends and new developments in regenerative medicine: a scientometric update (2000–2014). Expert Opin Biol Therapy 14:1295–1317. https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2014.920813
Chen H et al (2019a) Enhanced Pb immobilization via the combination of biochar and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Environ Int 127:395–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.068
Chen HY et al (2019b) Adsorption of cadmium and lead ions by phosphoric acid-modified biochar generated from chicken feather: selective adsorption and influence of dissolved organic matter. Bioresour Technol 292:121948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121948
Chen L, Yu ZS, Xu H, Wan KY, Liao YF, Ma XQ (2019c) Microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris and wood sawdust using different additives. Bioresour Technol 273:34–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.086
Chen M et al (2019d) Facilitated transport of cadmium by biochar-Fe3O4 nanocomposites in water-saturated natural soils. Sci Total Environ 684:265–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.326
Chen MX, Bao CZ, Hu DW, Jin X, Huang Q (2019e) Facile and low-cost fabrication of ZnO/biochar nanocomposites from jute fibers for efficient and stable photodegradation of methylene blue dye. J Anal Appl Pyrol 139:319–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2019.03.009
Chen QC, Rao PH, Cheng ZW, Yan LL, Qian SY, Song R, Shen GQ (2019f) Novel soil remediation technology for simultaneous organic pollutant catalytic degradation and nitrogen supplementation. Chem Eng J 370:27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.179
Chen XL, Li F, Xie XJ, Li Z, Chen L (2019g) Nanoscale zero-valent iron and chitosan functionalized Eichhornia crassipes biochar for efficient hexavalent chromium removal. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173046
Chuaphasuk C, Prapagdee B (2019) Effects of biochar-immobilized bacteria on phytoremediation of cadmium-polluted soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 26:23679–23688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05661-6
Creamer AE, Gao B, Wang S (2016) Carbon dioxide capture using various metal oxyhydroxide-biochar composites. Chem Eng J 283:826–832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.037
Cruce JR, Quinn JC (2019) Economic viability of multiple algal biorefining pathways and the impact of public policies. Appl Energy 233:735–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.046
Cui JH, Jin Q, Li YD, Li FB (2019) Oxidation and removal of As(III) from soil using novel magnetic nanocomposite derived from biomass waste. Environ Sci Nano 6:478–488. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8en01257a
de Figueiredo CC, Chagas JKM, da Silva J, Paz-Ferreiro J (2019) Short-term effects of a sewage sludge biochar amendment on total and available heavy metal content of a tropical soil. Geoderma 344:31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.01.052
Deng FX et al (2019a) A biochar modified nickel-foam cathode with iron-foam catalyst in electro-Fenton for sulfamerazine degradation. Appl Catal B Environ 256:117796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.117796
Deng FX, Olvera-Vargas H, Garcia-Rodriguez O, Zhu YS, Jiang JZ, Qiu S, Yang JX (2019b) Waste-wood-derived biochar cathode and its application in electro-Fenton for sulfathiazole treatment at alkaline pH with pyrophosphate electrolyte. J Hazard Mater 377:249–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.077
Deng R et al (2019c) Chloro-phosphate impregnated biochar prepared by co-precipitation for the lead, cadmium and copper synergic scavenging from aqueous solution. Bioresour Technol 293:122102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122102
Fomina M, Gadd GM (2014) Biosorption: current perspectives on concept, definition and application. Bioresour Technol 160:3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.102
Gao LY, Deng JH, Huang GF, Li K, Cai KZ, Liu Y, Huang F (2019a) Relative distribution of Cd2+ adsorption mechanisms on biochars derived from rice straw and sewage sludge. Bioresour Technol 272:114–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.138
Gao X, Peng YT, Zhou YY, Adeel M, Chen Q (2019b) Effects of magnesium ferrite biochar on the cadmium passivation in acidic soil and bioavailability for packoi (Brassica chinensis L.). J Environ Manag. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109610
Gasco G, Alvarez ML, Paz-Ferreiro J, Mendez A (2019) Combining phytoextraction by Brassica napus and biochar amendment for the remediation of a mining soil in Riotinto (Spain). Chemosphere 231:562–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.168
Gebara RC, Souza JP, Mansano AD, Sarmento H, Melao MDG (2019) Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) on life history and metabolism of the Neotropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 186:109743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109743
Gokulan R, Prabhu GG, Jegan J (2019) A novel sorbent Ulva lactuca-derived biochar for remediation of Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R in packed column. Water Environ Res 91:642–649. https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.1092
Gong X et al (2019) Biochar facilitated the phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated sediments: metal behavior, plant toxicity, and microbial activity. Sci Total Environ 666:1126–1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.215
Gonzalez WA, Perez JF (2019) CFD analysis and characterization of biochar produced via fixed-bed gasification of fallen leaf pellets. Energy 186:115904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.115904
Gruss I, Twardowski JP, Latawiec A, Medynska-Juraszek A, Krolczyk J (2019) Risk assessment of low-temperature biochar used as soil amendment on soil mesofauna. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:18230–18239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05153-7
Hamid Y, Tang L, Wang X, Hussain B, Yaseen M, Aziz MZ, Yang X (2018) Immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated paddy field using inorganic and organic additives. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35881-8
He S, Zhong L, Duan J, Feng Y, Yang B, Yang L (2017) Bioremediation of wastewater by iron oxide-biochar nanocomposites loaded with photosynthetic bacteria. Front Microbiol 8:823. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00823
He LZ, Zhong H, Liu GX, Dai ZM, Brookes PC, Xu J (2019) Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by biochar: mechanisms, potential risks and applications in China. Environ Pollut 252:846–855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.151
Hilber I, Arrigo Y, Zuber M, Bucheli TD (2019) Desorption resistance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochars incubated in cow ruminal liquid in vitro and in vivo. Environ Sci Technol 53:13695–13703. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04340
Hill RA, Hunt J, Sanders E, Tran M, Burk GA, Mlsna TE, Fitzkee NC (2019) Effect of biochar on microbial growth: a metabolomics and bacteriological investigation in E. coil. Environ Sci Technol 53:2635–2646. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05024
Hu CW, Li M, Cui YB, Li DS, Chen J, Yang LY (2010) Toxicological effects of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in soil on earthworm Eisenia fetida. Soil Biol Biochem 42:586–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.12.007
Hu Y et al (2019) An efficient adsorbent: simultaneous activated and magnetic ZnO doped biochar derived from camphor leaves for ciprofloxacin adsorption. Bioresour Technol 288:121511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121511
Inyang MD, Gao B, Ding WC, Pullammanappallil P, Zimmerman AR, Cao XD (2011) Enhanced lead sorption by biochar derived from anaerobically digested sugarcane bagasse. Sep Sci Technol 46:1950–1956. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2011.584604
Joseph L et al (2019) Removal of contaminants of emerging concern by metal-organic framework nanoadsorbents: a review. Chem Eng J 369:928–946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.173
Kambo HS, Dutta A (2015) A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 45:359–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.050
Kastury F et al (2019) In vitro, in vivo, and spectroscopic assessment of lead exposure reduction via ingestion and inhalation pathways using phosphate and iron amendments. Environ Sci Technol 53:10329–10341. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02448
Khataee A et al (2019) Cu2O–CuO@biochar composite: synthesis, characterization and its efficient photocatalytic performance. Appl Surf Sci 498:143846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143846
Kim J, Song J, Lee SM, Jung J (2019) Application of iron-modified biochar for arsenite removal and toxicity reduction. J Ind Eng Chem 80:17–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.07.026
Klein EY et al (2018) Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:E3463–E3470. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717295115
Koltowski M, Oleszczuk P (2015) Toxicity of biochars after polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal by thermal treatment. Ecol Eng 75:79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.11.004
Konaka T, Yabuta S, Mazereku C, Kawamitsu Y, Tsujimoto H, Ueno M, Akashi K (2019) Use of carbonized fallen leaves of Jatropha Curcas L. as a soil conditioner for acidic and undernourished soil. Agronomy-Basel. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050236
Kong LL, Liu JZ, Han Q, Zhou QX, He JH (2019) Integrating metabolomics and physiological analysis to investigate the toxicological mechanisms of sewage sludge-derived biochars to wheat. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 185:109664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109664
Kookana RS, Sarmah AK, Van Zwieten L, Krull E, Singh B (2011) Biochar application to soil: agronomic and environmental benefits and unintended consequences. In: Sparks DL (ed) Advances in agronomy, vol 112, pp 103–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385538-1.00003-2
Kung KS, Thengane SK, Shanbhogue S, Ghoniem AF (2019) Parametric analysis of torrefaction reactor operating under oxygen-lean conditions. Energy 181:603–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.194
Kunhikrishnan A, Shon HK, Bolan NS, El Saliby I, Vigneswaran S (2015) Sources, distribution, environmental fate, and ecological effects of nanomaterials in wastewater streams. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 45:277–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2013.852407
Lawal IA, Klink M, Ndungu P (2019) Deep eutectic solvent as an efficient modifier of low-cost adsorbent for the removal of pharmaceuticals and dye. Environ Res 179:108837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108837
Lee C, Kim JY, Lee WI, Nelson KL, Yoon J, Sedlak DL (2008) Bactericidal effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on Escherichia coli. Environ Sci Technol 42:4927–4933. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800408u
Lehmann J, Joseph S (2015) Biochar for environmental management: science, technology and implementation. Routledge, London
Li FY, Cao XD, Zhao L, Wang JF, Ding ZL (2014) Effects of mineral additives on biochar formation: carbon retention, stability, and properties. Environ Sci Technol 48:11211–11217. https://doi.org/10.1021/es5018851
Li F et al (2019a) Adsorption and sequestration of cadmium ions by polyptychial mesoporous biochar derived from Bacillus sp. biomass. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:23505–23523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05610-3
Li J et al (2019b) The synthesis of heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst using sewage sludge biochar and its application for ciprofloxacin degradation. Sci Total Environ 654:1284–1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.013
Li L et al (2019c) Degradation of naphthalene with magnetic bio-char activate hydrogen peroxide: synergism of bio-char and Fe–Mn binary oxides. Water Res 160:238–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.081
Li MR et al (2019d) EDTA functionalized magnetic biochar for Pb(II) removal: adsorption performance, mechanism and SVM model prediction. Sep Purif Technol 227:115696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115696
Liang J, Xu XY, Zaman WQ, Hu XF, Zhao L, Qiu H, Cao XD (2019a) Different mechanisms between biochar and activated carbon for the persulfate catalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole: roles of radicals in solution or solid phase. Chem Eng J 375:121908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.121908
Liang LP et al (2019b) Performance of selenate removal by biochar embedded nano zero-valent iron and the biological toxicity to Escherichia coli. RSC Adv 9:26136–26141. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04535j
Liang S et al (2019c) One-pot solvothermal synthesis of magnetic biochar from waste biomass: formation mechanism and efficient adsorption of Cr(VI) in an aqueous solution. Sci Total Environ 695:133886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133886
Liao S, Pan B, Li H, Zhang D, Xing B (2014) Detecting free radicals in biochars and determining their ability to inhibit the germination and growth of corn, wheat and rice seedlings. Environ Sci Technol 48:8581–8587. https://doi.org/10.1021/es404250a
Lin H, Zhu Y, Ahmad N, Han Q (2019a) A scientometric analysis and visualization of global research on brownfields. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 26:17666–17684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05149-3
Lin LN, Li ZY, Liu XW, Qiu WW, Song ZG (2019b) Effects of Fe–Mn modified biochar composite treatment on the properties of As-polluted paddy soil. Environ Pollut 244:600–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.011
Liu Y, Gan L, Chen Z, Megharaj M, Naidu R (2012) Removal of nitrate using Paracoccus sp YF1 immobilized on bamboo carbon. J Hazard Mater 229:419–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.029
Liu XM, Tang JC, Wang L, Liu QL, Liu RT (2019) A comparative analysis of ball-milled biochar, graphene oxide, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with respect to toxicity induction in Streptomyces. J Environ Manag 243:308–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.034
Lou LP, Huang Q, Lou YL, Lu JR, Hu BL, Lin Q (2019) Adsorption and degradation in the removal of nonylphenol from water by cells immobilized on biochar. Chemosphere 228:676–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.151
Ma HF, Xu ZG, Wang WY, Gao X, Ma HF (2019) Adsorption and regeneration of leaf-based biochar for p-nitrophenol adsorption from aqueous solution. RSC Adv 9:39282–39293. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07943b
Magioglou E, Frontistis Z, Vakros J, Manariotis ID, Mantzavinos D (2019) Activation of persulfate by biochars from valorized olive stones for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole. Catalysts 9:419. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9050419
Mao QM et al (2019) Experimental and theoretical aspects of biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron activating H2O2 for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 380:120848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120848
Melo TM et al (2019) Management of biosolids-derived hydrochar (Sewchar): effect on plant germination, and farmers’ acceptance. J Environ Manag 237:200–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.042
Men QY, Wang T, Ma CC, Yang LL, Liu Y, Huo PW, Yan YS (2019) In-suit preparation of CdSe quantum dots/porous channel biochar for improving photocatalytic activity for degradation of tetracycline. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 99:180–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2019.03.019
Miller RJ, Lenihan HS, Muller EB, Tseng N, Hanna SK, Keller AA (2010) Impacts of metal oxide nanoparticles on marine phytoplankton. Environ Sci Technol 44:7329–7334. https://doi.org/10.1021/es100247x
Navarathna CM, Karunanayake AG, Gunatilake SR, Pittman CU, Perez F, Mohan D, Mlsna T (2019) Removal of Arsenic(III) from water using magnetite precipitated onto Douglas fir biochar. J Environ Manag. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109429
Nguyen VT et al (2019) Efficient heterogeneous activation of persulfate by iron-modified biochar for removal of antibiotic from aqueous solution: a case study of tetracycline removal. Catalysts 9:49. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9010049
Oleszczuk P, Koltowski M (2018) Changes of total and freely dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toxicity of biochars treated with various aging processes. Environ Pollut 237:65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.073
Penido ES, Melo LCA, Guilherme LRG, Bianchi ML (2019) Cadmium binding mechanisms and adsorption capacity by novel phosphorus/magnesium-engineered biochars. Sci Total Environ 671:1134–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.437
Pi ZJ et al (2019) Persulfate activation by oxidation biochar supported magnetite particles for tetracycline removal: performance and degradation pathway. J Clean Prod 235:1103–1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.037
Placido J, Bustamante-Lopez S, Meissner KE, Kelly DE, Kelly SL (2019a) Comparative study of the characteristics and fluorescent properties of three different biochar derived-carbonaceous nanomaterials for bioimaging and heavy metal ions sensing. Fuel Process Technol 196:106163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106163
Placido J, Bustamante-Lopez S, Meissner KE, Kelly DE, Kelly SL (2019b) Microalgae biochar-derived carbon dots and their application in heavy metal sensing in aqueous systems. Sci Total Environ 656:531–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.393
Post JE (1999) Manganese oxide minerals: crystal structures and economic and environmental significance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:3447–3454. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3447
Prodana M et al (2019) Influence of biochar particle size on biota responses. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 174:120–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.044
Qian LB et al (2019) Enhanced removal of Cr(VI) by silicon rich biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron. Chemosphere 215:739–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.030
Sahu UK, Sahu S, Mahapatra SS, Patel RK (2019) Synthesis and characterization of magnetic bio-adsorbent developed from Aegle marmelos leaves for removal of As(V) from aqueous solutions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:946–958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3643-1
Sewu DD, Jung H, Kim SS, Lee DS, Woo SH (2019) Decolorization of cationic and anionic dye-laden wastewater by steam-activated biochar produced at an industrial-scale from spent mushroom substrate. Bioresour Technol 277:77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.034
Sharma G et al (2019) Algal biochar reinforced trimetallic nanocomposite as adsorptional/photocatalyst for remediation of malachite green from aqueous medium. J Mol Liq 275:499–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.070
Simanova AA, Kwon KD, Bone SE, Bargar JR, Refson K, Sposito G, Pena J (2015) Probing the sorption reactivity of the edge surfaces in birnessite nanoparticles using nickel(II). Geochim Cosmochim Acta 164:191–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.04.050
Smith CR, Hatcher PG, Kumar S, Lee JW (2016) Investigation into the sources of biochar water-soluble organic compounds and their potential toxicity on aquatic microorganisms. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:2550–2558. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01687
Sohi SP (2012) Carbon storage with benefits. Science 338:1034–1035. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1225987
Stefaniuk M, Oleszczuk P, Bartminski P (2016) Chemical and ecotoxicological evaluation of biochar produced from residues of biogas production. J Hazard Mater 318:417–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.013
Streit AFM, Cortes LN, Druzian SP, Godinho M, Collazzo GC, Perondi D, Dotto GL (2019) Development of high quality activated carbon from biological sludge and its application for dyes removal from aqueous solutions. Sci Total Environ 660:277–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.027
Sun C, Chen T, Huang QX, Wang J, Lu SY, Yan JH (2019a) Enhanced adsorption for Pb(II) and Cd(II) of magnetic rice husk biochar by KMnO4 modification. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:8902–8913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04321-z
Sun C, Ding DD, Chen T, Huang QX, Lu SY, Yan JH (2019b) Ecological risk analysis of the solid residues collected from the thermal disposal process of hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata including heavy metals and environmentally persistent free radicals. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:29234–29245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06115-9
Sun Q et al (2019c) Cd(II) retention and remobilization on delta-MnO2 and Mn(III)-rich delta-MnO2 affected by Mn(II). Environ Int 130:104932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.104932
Takaya CA, Fletcher LA, Singh S, Anyikude KU, Ross AB (2016) Phosphate and ammonium sorption capacity of biochar and hydrochar from different wastes. Chemosphere 145:518–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.052
Tan X, Liu Y, Zeng G, Wang X, Hu X, Gu Y, Yang Z (2015) Application of biochar for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions. Chemosphere 125:70–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.058
Tao Y et al (2019) Efficient removal of atrazine by iron-modified biochar loaded Acinetobacter lwoffii DNS32. Sci Total Environ 682:59–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.134
Tian SQ et al (2019) Enhanced permanganate oxidation of sulfamethoxazole and removal of dissolved organics with biochar: formation of highly oxidative manganese intermediate species and in situ activation of biochar. Environ Sci Technol 53:5282–5291. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00180
Trakal L et al (2018) AMOchar: amorphous manganese oxide coating of biochar improves its efficiency at removing metal(loid)s from aqueous solutions. Sci Total Environ 625:71–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.267
Uchimiya M, Hiradate S, Antal MJ Jr (2015) Dissolved phosphorus speciation of flash carbonization, slow pyrolysis, and fast pyrolysis biochars. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 3:1642–1649. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00336
Udayanga WDC, Veksha A, Giannis A, Liang YN, Lisak G, Hu X, Lim TT (2019) Insights into the speciation of heavy metals during pyrolysis of industrial sludge. Sci Total Environ 691:232–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.095
Vyavahare G et al (2019) Strategies for crystal violet dye sorption on biochar derived from mango leaves and evaluation of residual dye toxicity. J Clean Prod 207:296–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.193
Wan ZH, Cho DW, Tsang DCW, Li M, Sun T, Verpoort F (2019) Concurrent adsorption and micro-electrolysis of Cr(VI) by nanoscale zerovalent iron/biochar/Ca-alginate composite. Environ Pollut 247:410–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.047
Wang P et al (2013) Fate of ZnO nanoparticles in soils and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Environ Sci Technol 47:13822–13830. https://doi.org/10.1021/es403466p
Wang B, Gao B, Fang J (2017) Recent advances in engineered biochar productions and applications. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 47:2158–2207. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2017.1418580
Wang B, Li YN, Wang L (2019a) Metal-free activation of persulfates by corn stalk biochar for the degradation of antibiotic norfloxacin: activation factors and degradation mechanism. Chemosphere 237:124454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124454
Wang CH, Gu LF, Ge SM, Liu XY, Zhang XY, Chen X (2019b) Remediation potential of immobilized bacterial consortium with biochar as carrier in pyrene-Cr(VI) co-contaminated soil. Environ Technol 40:2345–2353. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1441328
Wang HZ et al (2019c) Biochar-induced Fe(III) reduction for persulfate activation in sulfamethoxazole degradation: insight into the electron transfer, radical oxidation and degradation pathways. Chem Eng J 362:561–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.053
Wang J, Odinga ES, Zhang W, Zhou X, Yang B, Waigi MG, Gao Y (2019d) Polyaromatic hydrocarbons in biochars and human health risks of food crops grown in biochar-amended soils: a synthesis study. Environ Int 130:104899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.06.009
Wang NN et al (2019e) Comparative studies on Pb(II) biosorption with three spongy microbe-based biosorbents: high performance, selectivity and application. J Hazard Mater 373:39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.056
Wang XD, Li CX, Li ZW, Yu GW, Wang Y (2019f) Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics, chemical speciation and risk evaluation of heavy metals in biochar derived from textile dyeing sludge. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 168:45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.022
Wang XD, Chi QQ, Liu XJ, Wang Y (2019g) Influence of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics and environmental risk of heavy metals in pyrolyzed biochar made from hydrothermally treated sewage sludge. Chemosphere 216:698–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.189
Wang Y, Zhu XX, Feng DQ, Hodge AK, Hu LJ, Lu JH, Li JF (2019h) Biochar-supported FeS/Fe3O4 composite for catalyzed fenton-type degradation of ciprofloxacin. Catalysts. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9121062
Wang YY et al (2019i) Simultaneous alleviation of Sb and Cd availability in contaminated soil and accumulation in Lolium multiflorum Lam. After amendment with Fe–Mn-modified biochar. J Clean Prod 231:556–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.407
Wang ZW, Yang X, Qin TT, Liang GW, Li Y, Xie XY (2019j) Efficient removal of oxytetracycline from aqueous solution by a novel magnetic clay-biochar composite using natural attapulgite and cauliflower leaves. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:7463–7475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04172-8
Waqas M, Aburiazaiza AS, Miandad R, Rehan M, Barakat MA, Nizami AS (2018) Development of biochar as fuel and catalyst in energy recovery technologies. J Clean Prod 188:477–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.017
Wei YF et al (2019) Efficient removal of arsenic from groundwater using iron oxide nanoneedle array-decorated biochar fibers with high Fe utilization and fast adsorption kinetics. Water Res 167:115107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115107
Wongrod S, Simon S, van Hullebusch ED, Lens PNL, Guibaud G (2019) Assessing arsenic redox state evolution in solution and solid phase during As(III) sorption onto chemically-treated sewage sludge digestate biochars. Bioresour Technol 275:232–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.056
Wu P et al (2018) Biochar decreased the bioavailability of Zn to rice and wheat grains: insights from microscopic to macroscopic scales. Sci Total Environ 621:160–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.236
Wu B, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Gu Y, Wang Y, Yu J, Xu H (2019a) The performance of biochar-microbe multiple biochemical material on bioremediation and soil micro-ecology in the cadmium aged soil. Sci Total Environ 686:719–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.041
Wu P et al (2019b) A scientometric review of biochar research in the past 20 years (1998–2018). Biochar 1:23–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-019-00002-9
Wu P et al (2019c) Interactive effects of rice straw biochar and gamma-Al2O3 on immobilization of Zn. J Hazard Mater 373:250–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.076
Xiao F, Gamiz B, Pignatello JJ (2018) Adsorption and desorption of nitrous oxide by raw and thermally air-oxidized chars. Sci Total Environ 643:1436–1445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.280
Xie XY, Li S, Zhang HY, Wang ZW, Huang H (2019) Promoting charge separation of biochar-based Zn-TiO2/pBC in the presence of ZnO for efficient sulfamethoxazole photodegradation under visible light irradiation. Sci Total Environ 659:529–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.401
Xue YJ, Wang C, Hu ZH, Zhou Y, Xiao Y, Wang T (2019) Pyrolysis of sewage sludge by electromagnetic induction: biochar properties and application in adsorption removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) from aqueous solution. Waste Manag 89:48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.047
Yang J, Pan B, Li H, Liao SH, Zhang D, Wu M, Xing BS (2016) Degradation of p-nitrophenol on biochars: role of persistent free radicals. Environ Sci Technol 50:694–700. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04042
Yang Y, Sun K, Han LF, Jin J, Sun HR, Yang Y, Xing BS (2018) Effect of minerals on the stability of biochar. Chemosphere 204:310–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.057
Yang CY et al (2019 ) Pyrolysis of microalgae: a critical review. Fuel Process Technol 186:53–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.12.012
Yao Y, Gao B, Chen J, Yang L (2013) Engineered biochar reclaiming phosphate from aqueous solutions: mechanisms and potential application as a slow-release fertilizer. Environ Sci Technol 47:8700–8708. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4012977
Yin RL, Guo WQ, Wang HZ, Du JS, Wu QL, Chang JS, Ren NQ (2019) Singlet oxygen-dominated peroxydisulfate activation by sludge-derived biochar for sulfamethoxazole degradation through a nonradical oxidation pathway: performance and mechanism. Chem Eng J 357:589–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.184
You S, Ok YS, Tsang DCW, Kwon EE, Wang CH (2018) Towards practical application of gasification: a critical review from syngas and biochar perspectives. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 48:1165–1213. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2018.1518860
Yu Y, An Q, Zhou Y, Deng S, Miao Y, Zhao B, Yang L (2019) Highly synergistic effects on ammonium removal by the co-system of Pseudomonas stutzeri XL-2 and modified walnut shell biochar. Bioresour Technol 280:239–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.037
Yudha SP, Tekasakul S, Phoungthong K, Chuenchom L (2019) Green synthesis of low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent for dye and pharmaceutical adsorption: kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic and regeneration studies. Mater Res Express 6:125526. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab58ae
Zhai S, Li M, Wang D, Zhang L, Yang Y, Fu S (2019) In situ loading metal oxide particles on bio-chars: reusable materials for efficient removal of methylene blue from wastewater. J Clean Prod 220:460–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.152
Zhang G, Zhao Z, Guo X, Han Z, He Q, Zhang F, Xu H (2018) Levels of persistent toxic substances in different biochars and their potential ecological risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:33207–33215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3280-8
Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhang X (2019a) Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by petroleum-degrading bacteria immobilized on biochar. RSC Adv 9:35304–35311. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06726d
Zhang C, Shan B, Jiang S, Tang W (2019b) Effects of the pyrolysis temperature on the biotoxicity of Phyllostachys pubescens biochar in the aquatic environment. J Hazard Mater 376:48–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.010
Zhang K, Mao J, Chen B (2019c) Reconsideration of heterostructures of biochars: morphology, particle size, elemental composition, reactivity and toxicity. Environ Pollut 254:113017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113017
Zhang QM, Saleem M, Wang CX (2019d) Effects of biochar on the earthworm (Eisenia foetida) in soil contaminated with and/or without pesticide mesotrione. Sci Total Environ 671:52–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.364
Zhang Y, Yang R, Si X, Duan X, Quan X (2019e) The adverse effect of biochar to aquatic algae- the role of free radicals. Environ Pollut 248:429–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.055
Zhao ZD, Zhou WJ (2019) Insight into interaction between biochar and soil minerals in changing biochar properties and adsorption capacities for sulfamethoxazole. Environ Pollut 245:208–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.013
Zhao ZD, Nie TT, Zhou WJ (2019) Enhanced biochar stabilities and adsorption properties for tetracycline by synthesizing silica-composited biochar. Environ Pollut 254:113015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113015
Zhen M, Chen H, Liu Q, Song B, Wang Y, Tang J (2019) Combination of rhamnolipid and biochar in assisting phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil using Spartina anglica. J Environ Sci 85:107–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.013
Zheng C, Wang X, Liu J, Ji X, Huang B (2019) Biochar-assisted phytoextraction of arsenic in soil using Pteris vittata L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 26:36688–36697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06688-5
Zhong DL et al (2019) pH dependence of arsenic oxidation by rice-husk-derived biochar: roles of redox-active moieties. Environ Sci Technol 53:9034–9044. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00756
Zhou L, Zhuang W, Wang X, Yu K, Yang S, Xia S (2017) Potential effects of loading nano zero valent iron discharged on membrane fouling in an anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor. Water Res 111:140–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.007
Zhou YB, Lu J, Zhou Y, Liu YD (2019) Recent advances for dyes removal using novel adsorbents: a review. Environ Pollut 252:352–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.072
Zou YB, Li WT, Yang L, Xiao F, An GY, Wang Y, Wang DS (2019) Activation of peroxymonosulfate by sp(2)-hybridized microalgae-derived carbon for ciprofloxacin degradation: importance of pyrolysis temperature. Chem Eng J 370:1286–1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.002
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21537002), and the Special research assistant project, Chinese academy of sciences (Project no. E022ST01).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, P., Wang, Z., Wang, H. et al. Visualizing the emerging trends of biochar research and applications in 2019: a scientometric analysis and review. Biochar 2, 135–150 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00055-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00055-1