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Enhanced adsorption for Pb(II) and Cd(II) of magnetic rice husk biochar by KMnO4 modification

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Abstract

Novel KMnO4-treated magnetic biochar (FMBC) was successfully synthesized by addition of Fe(NO3)3 during carbonization and KMnO4 treatment following for Pb(II) and Cd(II) adsorption. SEM-EDS, XPS, and ICP-AES were used to evaluate the FMBC and magnetic biochar (FBC) on surface morphology, surface chemistry characteristics, surface functional groups, and Pb(II) and Cd(II) adsorption behavior. Results showed that the Langmuir maximum adsorption quantity of FMBC reached 148 mg/g for Pb(II) and 79 mg/g for Cd(II), nearly 7 times of that of FBC. The enhancement of FMBC for heavy metal adsorption was due to the successful load of manganese oxides and the increased oxygen functional groups consistent with XPS and FTIR results. The adsorption capacities of FMBC were maintained over 95% when the pH value was higher than 2.5 and 3.5 for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively. The adsorption performances of both heavy metals by FMBC were hardly influenced by ionic strength and humid acid. The adsorption capacities of FMBC could maintain over 50% and 87% after four cycles for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively. The saturation magnetization of FMBC was about 11.5 emu/g, which did not change after adsorption. This work proposed a new method to fabricate a magnetic biochar with high adsorption capacities of heavy metals Pb(II) and Cd(II).

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Funding

This work was supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0801104), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2016XZZX002-02, No. 2017FZA4013), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51621005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

    Chen Sun, Tong Chen, Qunxing Huang, Shengyong Lu & Jianhua Yan

  2. Everbright Envirotech (China) Ltd. Institute of Incineration Technology, Nanjing, 211106, China

    Jun Wang

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  1. Chen Sun
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  2. Tong Chen
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  3. Qunxing Huang
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  4. Jun Wang
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  5. Shengyong Lu
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  6. Jianhua Yan
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Correspondence to Tong Chen.

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Highlights

• The FMBC contains both magnetic properties and good adsorption performance for Pb(II) and Cd(II).

• KMnO4 treatment increased the adsorption quantity of FBC by 7 times.

• The enhancement of FMBC for heavy metal adsorption could be ascribed to surface modification by KMnO4.

• The magnetization of FMBC can reach nearly as half as that of FBC.

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Sun, C., Chen, T., Huang, Q. et al. Enhanced adsorption for Pb(II) and Cd(II) of magnetic rice husk biochar by KMnO4 modification. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 8902–8913 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04321-z

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