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Roles for macrophage-polarizing interleukins in cancer immunity and immunotherapy

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Abstract

Macrophages are the most abundant and one of the most critical cells of tumor immunity. They provide a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity through releasing cytokines into the tumor microenvironment (TME). A number of interleukin (IL) cytokine family members is involved in shaping the final phenotype of macrophages toward either a classically-activated pro-inflammatory M1 state with anti-tumor activity or an alternatively-activated anti-inflammatory M2 state with pro-tumor activity. Shaping TME macrophages toward the M1 phenotype or recovering this phenotypic state may offer a promising therapeutic approach in patients with cancer. Here, we focus on the impact of macrophage-polarizing ILs on immune cells and IL-mediated cellular cross-interactions within the TME. The key aim of this review is to define therapeutic schedules for addressing ILs in cancer immunotherapy based on their multi-directional impacts in such a milieu. Gathering more knowledge on this area is also important for defining adverse effects related to cytokine therapy and addressing them for reinforcing the efficacy of immunotherapy against cancer.

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  1. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Keywan Mortezaee

  2. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

    Jamal Majidpoor

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K.M initiated the conceptualization. J.M and K.M wrote the initial manuscript. Final revisions were made by K.M. Articles were selected by K.M. Both authors approved the final draft.

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Correspondence to Keywan Mortezaee.

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Mortezaee, K., Majidpoor, J. Roles for macrophage-polarizing interleukins in cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Cell Oncol. 45, 333–353 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-022-00667-8

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