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Contribution of environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors to obesity-related metabolic syndrome

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Abstract

Non-communicable lifestyle diseases and related mortality are increasing rapidly over the last few decades. Obesity is one of the major concerning problems leading to obesity-related metabolic syndrome like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome etc. About 40–75% of obesity cases arise through genetic inheritance. The genetic and epigenetic alterations involved in the disease manifestation are controlled by the environmental factors including both physical and physiological factors. In both the prenatal and postnatal stages of the concerned individual, the epigenetic modifications are controlled by the environmental factors subsequently leading to genomic alterations and predisposition of a disease. In this review, we have assimilated the studies from last 20 years discussing the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of the predominant non-communicable diseases and the environmental factors affecting them. This review also focuses on the inter-relationship of the concerned environmental factors and their variations in a disease specific pattern. The environmental factors including diet, physical inactivity, stress, education, pollutants, addictions etc. have been found to portray significant role in the disease outcomes. The family income, exposure to heavy metal pollutants, noise pollution, endocrine disruptors and external stress inducing agents can’t be controlled by the subject. Instead, controlling the diet pattern, family health, sleeping duration, screen time, addiction of alcohol or smoking and physical activity can provide significant benefit henceforth lowering the risk of obesity, CVD, T2DM and PCOD.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to our research team for their support and co-operation. The study was not supported by any source of funding. The authors are indebted to all the members of the laboratory for their constant support throughout the work.

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  1. Environmental Epigenomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India

    Sunandini Ghosh, Shrinjana Dhar & Pritha Bhattacharjee

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India

    Sunandini Ghosh

  3. Health Management, Environment, Health and Safety, Siemens India, Birla Aurora, Level 21, Plot No. 1080, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai, 400030, India

    Sandip Bhattacharjee

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SG and SD equally contributed to visualization, literature survey, data curation, manuscript writing and pictorial representation for the present study. PB and SB supervised the work and also had given necessary inputs. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

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Supplementary Information

ESM 1 Association between exposure to long-term air pollution and OMS among different populations.

ESM 2 Association between exposure to pesticides and OMS among different populations.

ESM 3 Association between inflammatory markers and OMS.

ESM 4 Association between epigenetic markers and OMS.

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Ghosh, S., Dhar, S., Bhattacharjee, S. et al. Contribution of environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors to obesity-related metabolic syndrome. Nucleus 66, 215–237 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-023-00420-y

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