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Field evaluation of in vitro-induced tetraploid and diploid Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

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Abstract

Centella asiatica—a medicinal plant that produces high-value active triterpenoids—is in increasing demand by the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to field-test one induced tetraploid and three diploid C. asiatica lines for the selection of high-quality plants with high phytomass and triterpenoid content and to determine their optimal harvesting time. All tested C. asiatica were micropropagated using an established protocol. One-month-old plantlets were acclimatized for the field experiment. The plants were grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, ten plantlets per replication, and the experimental bed site was 0.6 × 1.0 m. Growth parameters, phytomass and the amounts of four active triterpenoids were evaluated. All lines exhibited the highest growth, yields and triterpenoids at 4 months after cultivation. The tetraploid line showed significantly better characteristics, i.e., larger leaf area, leaf width, petiole length, and greater yields, than diploid lines. Dry weight per cultivated area (77.53 ± 3.07 g/m2) and total triterpenoids (15.38 ± 0.76 % dry weight) were increased significantly in tetraploid plants of C. asiatica. Furthermore, the harvesting time had an effect on the yield and triterpenoid content (P < 0.001). In all tetraploid and diploid lines, the yields and triterpenoid content per cultivated area reached their maximum at 4 months after planting. Our results demonstrated that polyploidy induction is a beneficial tool that can be used to improve the medicinal value of C. asiatica.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Institutional Strengthening Program, Mahidol University, and the Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-ayudthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Wachiraporn Thong-on & Sompop Prathanturarug

  2. Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand

    Panida Arimatsu

  3. Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Prachinburi, 25000, Thailand

    Supaporn Pitiporn

  4. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-ayudthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon

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  1. Wachiraporn Thong-on
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  2. Panida Arimatsu
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  3. Supaporn Pitiporn
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  4. Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon
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  5. Sompop Prathanturarug
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Correspondence to Sompop Prathanturarug.

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Thong-on, W., Arimatsu, P., Pitiporn, S. et al. Field evaluation of in vitro-induced tetraploid and diploid Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. J Nat Med 68, 267–273 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-013-0761-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-013-0761-4

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