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Strength training prior to muscle injury potentiates low-level laser therapy (LLLT)-induced muscle regeneration

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Abstract

We evaluated whether strength training (ST) performed prior to skeletal muscle cryolesion would act as a preconditioning, improving skeletal muscle regeneration and responsiveness to low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Wistar rats were randomly assigned into non-exercised (NE), NE plus muscle lesion (NE + LE), NE + LE plus LLLT (NE + LE + LLLT), strength training (ST), ST + LE, and ST + LE + LLLT. The animals performed 10 weeks of ST (climbing ladder; 3× week; 80% overload). Forty-eight hours after the last ST session, tibialis anterior (TA) cryolesion was induced and LLLT (InGaAlP, 660 nm, 0.035 W, 4.9 J/cm2/point, 3 points, spot light 0.028 cm2, 14 J/cm2) initiated and conducted daily for 14 consecutive days. The difference between intergroups was assessed using Student’s t test and intragroups by two-way analysis of variance. Cryolesion induced massive muscle degeneration associated with inflammatory infiltrate. Prior ST improved skeletal regeneration 14-days after cryolesion and potentiated the regenerative response to LLLT. Cryolesion induced increased TNF-α levels in both NE + LE and ST + LE groups. Both isolated ST and LLLT reduced TNF-α to control group levels; however, prior ST potentiated LLLT response. Both isolated ST and LLLT increased IL-10 levels with no additional effect. In contrast, increased TA IL-6 levels were restricted to ST and ST + LE + LLLT groups. TA myogenin mRNA levels were not changed by neither prior ST or ST + LLLT. Both prior ST and LLLT therapies increased MyoD mRNA levels and, interestingly, combined therapies potentiated this response. Myf5 mRNA levels were increased only in ST groups. Taken together, our data provides evidences for prior ST potentiating LLLT efficacy in promoting skeletal muscle regeneration.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) by the financial support and scholarship (FAPESP Grant n° 2013/18907-2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas—SBFis/UNESP, Araçatuba, Brazil

    Samuel Rodrigues Lourenço Morais, Wagner Garcez Mello & Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles

  2. Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Aging—Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil

    Samuel Rodrigues Lourenço Morais, Wagner Garcez Mello & Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles

  3. São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil

    Alexandre Ginei Goya, Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira, Edilson Ervolino & Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles

  4. School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Úrsula Urias, Paulo Roberto Jannig, Aline Villa Nova Bacurau & Patricia Chakur Brum

  5. Group of Research and Study on Laser in Dentistry (GEPLO), Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil

    Paula Lazilha Faleiros & Valdir Gouveia Garcia

  6. Experimental Physiopathology—Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Patricia Chakur Brum

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  1. Samuel Rodrigues Lourenço Morais
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  2. Alexandre Ginei Goya
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Samuel Rodrigues Lourenço Morais.

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Ethics statement

All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry (Univ. Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil) (ethical committee approval—process no. 2013/01543) and complied with guidelines of the Brazilian National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation. The authors declare that this manuscript was prepared in accordance to the “Ethical Responsibilities of Authors” and it is an unpublished material which it is not being evaluated for publication in other journals. The manuscript has been read by all authors and the contributions performed by each one were approved. This study received financial support from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil (FAPESP Grant n° 2013/18907-2).

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The authors declare no conflict of interest in this study.

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Morais, S.R.L., Goya, A.G., Urias, Ú. et al. Strength training prior to muscle injury potentiates low-level laser therapy (LLLT)-induced muscle regeneration. Lasers Med Sci 32, 317–325 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-016-2116-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-016-2116-3

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