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Fungi Present in Antarctic Deep-Sea Sediments Assessed Using DNA Metabarcoding

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

We assessed fungal diversity in deep-sea sediments obtained from different depths in the Southern Ocean using the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA by metabarcoding through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). We detected 655,991 DNA reads representing 263 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), dominated by Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Chytridiomycota and Rozellomycota, confirming that deep-sea sediments can represent a hotspot of fungal diversity in Antarctica. The community diversity detected included 17 dominant fungal ASVs, 62 intermediate and 213 rare. The dominant fungi included taxa of Mortierella, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Pseudogymnoascus, Phaeosphaeria and Torula. Despite the extreme conditions of the Southern Ocean benthos, the total fungal community detected in these marine sediments displayed high indices of diversity and richness, and moderate dominance, which varied between the different depths sampled. The highest diversity indices were obtained in sediments from 550 m and 250 m depths. Only 49 ASVs (18.63%) were detected at all the depths sampled, while 16 ASVs were detected only in the deepest sediment sampled at 1463 m. Based on sequence identities, the fungal community included some globally distributed taxa, primarily recorded otherwise from terrestrial environments, suggesting transport from these to deep marine sediments. The assigned taxa included symbionts, decomposers and plant-, animal- and human-pathogenic fungi, suggesting that deep-sea sediments host a complex fungal diversity, although metabarcoding does not itself confirm that living or viable organisms are present.

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Data Availability

All sediment samples analyzed in this paper are stored in the Laboratory of Microbiology at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.

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Acknowledgments

We thank congresswoman Jô Moraes and the Biological Sciences Institute of the University of Brasilia.

Funding

This study received financial support from the CNPq, PROANTAR, FAPEMIG, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES), INCT Criosfera 2. P. Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the British Antarctic Survey’s “Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation” Team.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Horizonte, Brazil

    Mayara Baptistucci Ogaki, Carlos Augusto Rosa & Luiz Henrique Rosa

  2. Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

    Otávio Henrique Bezerra Pinto

  3. Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil

    Rosemary Vieira & Arthur Ayres Neto

  4. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK

    Peter Convey

  5. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

    Micheline Carvalho-Silva & Paulo E. A. S. Câmara

  6. Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil

    Luiz Henrique Rosa

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  1. Mayara Baptistucci Ogaki
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The collections and studies performed in Antarctic Peninsula were authorized by the Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty and by PROANTAR.

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Ogaki, M.B., Pinto, O.H.B., Vieira, R. et al. Fungi Present in Antarctic Deep-Sea Sediments Assessed Using DNA Metabarcoding. Microb Ecol 82, 157–164 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01658-8

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