Abstract
Bark is a permanent surface for microbial colonization at the interface of trees and the surrounding air, but little is known about its microbial communities. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to analyze the bark microbiomes of avocado trees from two orchards, and compared one of them to rhizospheric soil. It was shown that the microbial communities of avocado bark have a well-defined taxonomic structure, with consistent patterns of abundance of bacteria, fungi, and archaea, even in trees from two different locations. Bark microbial communities were distinct from rhizospheric soil, although they showed overlap in some taxa. Thus, avocado bark is a well-defined environment, providing niches for specific taxonomic groups, many of which are also found in other aerial plant tissues. The present in-depth characterization of bark microbial communities can form a basis for their future manipulation for agronomical purposes.
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Data availability
Raw sequences are available at the Short Read Archive (NCBI), under BioProject PRJNA656796. Raw data are also accessible at KBase at https://kbase.us/n/69195/32/.
Code availability
Not applicable.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a grant from the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) and the Mexican Ministry of Education (SEP) [Grant Number CB-2014-01-242956]. We express our gratitude to the owners of the orchards were the samples were collected, Ulrike Wiegel Torres (Malinalco), Jesús Torres Rodríguez (Malinalco) and José Pedro Rangel Hernández (Morelia), and the caretaker José Guadalupe Arellano Lara (Malinalco). We thank Oliver Aguirre Morales and Emiliano Aguirre Morales for assistance during sampling, and Zachary Crockett, Miriam Land and Elisha M. Wood-Charlson from KBase for support during data analysis and Mayra de la Torre Martínez and Jorge Rocha-Estrada for useful comments on the manuscript.
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This work was supported by a grant from the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) and the Mexican Ministry of Education (SEP) [Grant Number CB-2014-01-242956].
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EAvW Conceived the study, performed field sample collection, extracted DNA, performed library preparation, analyzed the data and wrote the initial manuscript. AAS performed DNA sequencing. AMB conceived the study, performed field sample collection. LAVE established contact with avocado producers, performed field sample collection, and collected site metadata. FR conceived the study, interpreted results, edited the manuscript. All authors revised and approved the final manuscript.
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Aguirre-von-Wobeser, E., Alonso-Sánchez, A., Méndez-Bravo, A. et al. Barks from avocado trees of different geographic locations have consistent microbial communities. Arch Microbiol 203, 4593–4607 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02449-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02449-6