Abstract
Fungi are eukaryotes that play essential roles in ecosystems. Among fungi, Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla with more than 40,000 described species. We review species diversity of Basidiomycota from five groups with different lifestyles or habitats: saprobic in grass/forest litter, wood-decaying, yeast-like, ectomycorrhizal, and plant parasitic. Case studies of Agaricus, Cantharellus, Ganoderma, Gyroporus, Russula, Tricholoma, and groups of lichenicolous yeast-like fungi, rust fungi, and smut fungi are used to determine trends in discovery of biodiversity. In each case study, the number of new species published during 2009–2020 is analysed to determine the rate of discovery. Publication rates differ between taxa and reflect different states of progress for species discovery in different genera. The results showed that lichenicolous yeast-like taxa had the highest publication rate for new species in the past two decades, and it is likely this trend will continue in the next decade. The species discovery rate of plant parasitic basidiomycetes was low in the past ten years, and remained constant in the past 50 years. We also found that the establishment of comprehensive and robust taxonomic systems based on a joint global initiative by mycologists could promote and standardize the recognition of taxa. We estimated that more than 54,000 species of Basidiomycota will be discovered by 2030, and estimate a total of 1.4–4.2 million species of Basidiomycota globally. These numbers illustrate a huge gap between the described and yet unknown diversity in Basidiomycota.
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Acknowledgements
Rui-Lin Zhao would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project ID: 31961143010, 31970010, 31470152), CAS Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Microbial Technology of Agriculture (Project ID: KFJ-PTXM-016) and Beijing Innovative Consortium of Agriculture Research System (Project ID: BAIC05-2021). Mao-Qiang He would like to thank the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Project ID: 2021M693361) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project ID: 32100011). Alistair McTaggart acknowledges support from the Department of the Environment and Energy under the Australian Biological Resources Study (grant number RG18-43). Ana Millanes acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CGL2016-80371-P). Mats Wedin acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsrådet (VR2016-03589) and the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative (STI2020.4.3-231). Andrey Yurkov, Ana M Millanes and Mats Wedin would like to thank MycoBank curator Dr. Konstanze Bensch for her help in retrieving names of new species published during the last ten years. Ming-Zhe Zhang is thanked for his help in species number estimation work.
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He, MQ., Zhao, RL., Liu, DM. et al. Species diversity of Basidiomycota. Fungal Diversity 114, 281–325 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00497-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00497-3