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Chromogranin A and its derived peptides: potential regulators of cholesterol homeostasis

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A Correction to this article was published on 06 November 2023

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Abstract

Chromogranin A (CHGA), a member of the granin family of proteins, has been an attractive therapeutic target and candidate biomarker for several cardiovascular, neurological, and inflammatory disorders. The prominence of CHGA stems from the pleiotropic roles of several bioactive peptides (e.g., catestatin, pancreastatin, vasostatins) generated by its proteolytic cleavage and by their wide anatomical distribution. These peptides are emerging as novel modulators of cardiometabolic diseases that are often linked to high blood cholesterol levels. However, their impact on cholesterol homeostasis is poorly understood. The dynamic nature of cholesterol and its multitudinous roles in almost every aspect of normal body function makes it an integral component of metabolic physiology. A tightly regulated coordination of cholesterol homeostasis is imperative for proper functioning of cellular and metabolic processes. The deregulation of cholesterol levels can result in several pathophysiological states. Although studies till date suggest regulatory roles for CHGA and its derived peptides on cholesterol levels, the mechanisms by which this is achieved still remain unclear. This review aims to aggregate and consolidate the available evidence linking CHGA with cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease. In addition, we also look at common molecular regulatory factors (viz., transcription factors and microRNAs) which could govern the expression of CHGA and genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis under basal and pathological conditions. In order to gain further insights into the pathways mediating cholesterol regulation by CHGA/its derived peptides, a few prospective signaling pathways are explored, which could act as primers for future studies.

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Source: Rat genome database (RGD)

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Availability of data and material

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge all the researchers who contributed to the areas of Chromogranin A and cholesterol research. All studies could not be cited due to space constraints. DRI and JV would like to thank Dr. Abrar Ali Khan (IIT Madras) for his valuable inputs.

Funding

NRM received research grants from the Department of Biotechnology (BT/PR25796/GET/119/98/2017; BT/PR23017/MED/30/1838/2017), Department of Science and Technology (SR/SO/HS-084/2013A) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (37/1564/12-EMR-II), Government of India. DRI and JV are thankful to Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India for research fellowships. NV acknowledges support from the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-19-CE44-0019 and ANR-22-CE44-0029).

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  1. Dhanya R. Iyer and Janani Venkatraman have contributed equally to this article.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    Dhanya R. Iyer, Janani Venkatraman & Nitish R. Mahapatra

  2. Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 and Université de Strasbourg, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France

    Emeline Tanguy & Nicolas Vitale

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DRI and JV performed literature search, data analysis and drafted the manuscript. ET and NV provided critical inputs and edited the manuscript. NRM conceptualized and edited the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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The original online version of this article was revised: to update the entries in Table 1, 5th column heading is incorrect as “lipoproteins” and should have been reads as “apolipoproteins”. In entry Chylomicrons under the Pathophysiological implications column the term dietarytriglycerides should read as “dietary triglycerides”. In last entry LPA the value for size was incorrect as 30 and should have been reads as ~30.

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Iyer, D.R., Venkatraman, J., Tanguy, E. et al. Chromogranin A and its derived peptides: potential regulators of cholesterol homeostasis. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 80, 271 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-023-04908-3

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