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Nanotechnology: An Emerging Field in Protein Aggregation and Cancer Therapeutics

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Bio-Nano Interface

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) prominence in technological advancements in different fields of biology and medicine are for their tuneable physicochemical properties, like size and surface functionality. For the fact that NP composition can be engineered to exhibit unique functions, it has paved the path for development of novel tools and techniques with better precision and efficacy in different research fields including biomedical research. For instance, single-walled carbon nanotubes have shown an impressive potential as an efficient delivery agent for transportation of biomolecules to cells. Additionally, NPs with size-tuneable light emission property, which made it accessible to relatively non-accessible area, have been implemented to precisely deliver drug and get images of tumour sites. Thus, the primary driving forces behind the progress of nanotechnology in different fields are their surface area to volume ratio and tuneable physicochemical properties. Besides the tuneable accessible surface, NPs also has two other layers, i.e. the shell layer and the core, which have relatively less role in most of the nanotechnology-mediated biological applications. Since accessible surface area credits for most of the application, it is mostly discussed layer than other two layers. Despite knowing the physicochemical properties of NPs, understanding its behaviour to biological surfaces for its multifaceted functions becomes priority for its biological applications. Upon introduction of metallic nanoparticles into biological milieu, its surface interacts with different biological surfaces, including biomolecular surfaces of varying curvatures, to attain a stable local free energy minima state. In doing so, it forms a corona of biomolecular surfaces around it, which in turn further decides the fate of the complex like the agglomeration, molecular stability, core/surface dissolution rate, toxicity. Thus, the chapter evaluated different nanoparticle-based theranostic applications in protein amyloidogenesis and cancer; both are from the group of incurable human diseases.

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Abbreviations

APP:

Amyloid precursor protein

CTC:

Circulating tumour cell

CTL:

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

DMPC:

Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine

DMPG:

Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

hIAPP:

Human islet amyloid polypeptide

MNP:

Magnetic nanoparticle

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NAC:

Non-amyloid β-peptide component

NFT:

Neurofibrillary tangles

NLS:

Nuclear localization signal

NP:

Nanoparticle

OI:

Optical imaging

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PEI:

Polyethylenimine

PLGA:

Poly(n-butyl cyanoacrylate)

QD:

Quantum dot

RNAi:

RNA interference

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

SPIONS:

Supramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle

TIIDM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Correspondence to Suman Jha .

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© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Jena, S., Mohanty, S., Ojha, M., Subham, K., Jha, S. (2022). Nanotechnology: An Emerging Field in Protein Aggregation and Cancer Therapeutics. In: Arakha, M., Pradhan, A.K., Jha, S. (eds) Bio-Nano Interface. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2516-9_11

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