Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. One of the hallmarks of cancer and a fundamental trait of virtually all gastrointestinal cancers is altered genomic and epigenomic DNA. The genetic and epigenetic alterations drive the initiation and progression of the cancers by altering the molecular and cell biological process of the colon epithelial cells. These alterations, as well as other host and microenvironment factors, ultimately mediate the initiation and progression of cancers, including colorectal cancer. Epigenetic alterations, which include changes affecting DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin structure, and noncoding RNA expression, have been revealed to be a major class of molecular alteration in colon polyps and colorectal cancer over last 30 year. The classes of epigenetic alterations, their status in colorectal polyps and cancer, their effects on neoplasm biology, and their application to clinical care will be discussed.
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Abbreviations
- CRC :
-
Colorectal cancer
- SSL :
-
Serrated sessile lesions
- miRNAs :
-
microRNA
- MSI :
-
Microsatellite instability
- DNMTs :
-
DNA methyltransferases
- MBD :
-
Methyl-CpG-binding domain
- CIMP :
-
CpG island methylator phenotype
- TET :
-
Ten-eleven translocation
- IDH1:
-
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- SSP :
-
Sessile serrated polyps
- FIT :
-
Fecal immunochemical test
- SWI/SNF :
-
Switching defective/sucrosenon-fermenting complex
- PR C2:
-
Polycomb repressive complex 2
- Ago-2:
-
Argonaute-2
- DMA :
-
Direct miRNA analysis
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Ko, B., Hanna, M., Yu, M., Grady, W.M. (2023). Epigenetic Alterations in Colorectal Cancer. In: Kalkan, R. (eds) Cancer Epigenetics. Epigenetics and Human Health, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42365-9_10
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