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Bacillus sp.: A Remarkable Source of Bioactive Lipopeptides

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Biosurfactants for the Biobased Economy

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 181))

Abstract

Surfactin, one of the best lipopeptide surfactants, was first isolated from Bacillus sp. in 1969. Since then, Bacillus sp. has been a remarkable source of bioactive lipopeptides, with a huge natural biodiversity. Lipopeptides from Bacillus sp. are now divided into three main families: surfactin, fengycin, and iturin. The peptide moiety of these lipopeptides is synthesised by huge multi-enzymatic proteins called nonribosomal peptide synthetases, which are responsible for the peptide biodiversity of these lipopeptides. Moreover, the fatty acid chain also encompasses a high diversity with different β-hydroxy or β-amino fatty acid chains of different lengths, isomery, or saturation, which can be incorporated. After describing the mode of synthesis of the different families of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus sp. and their biodiversity, this chapter describes how this lipopeptide biodiversity can be increased using genetic engineering and how the lipopeptides can be overproduced and purified. The high biodiversity of lipopeptides induces a broad range of physicochemical properties, which can be linked to multiple biological activities with many applications in different sectors. The increasing understanding of the mode of biosynthesis of these lipopeptides should lead to the development of novel compounds with increased properties and applications.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the ERACoBioTech program (BestBioSurf project), the European INTERREG Va SmartBioControl project, and the FNRS SURFACOVID project. MD and MO thank the FRS-FNRS for their positions as senior research associates.

Conflict of Interest

PJ is a co-founder of Lipofabrik and Lipofabrik Belgium and a member of the scientific advisory board of both companies.

Author information

Author notes

  1. A. Théatre and A. C. R. Hoste contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. MiPI, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Joint Research Unit BioEcoAgro, UMRt 1158, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium

    A. Théatre, A. C. R. Hoste, A. Rigolet, I. Benneceur, M. Ongena & P. Jacques

  2. University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, FSB, LBCM, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria

    I. Benneceur

  3. ICV – Institut Charles Viollette, Joint Research Unit BioEcoAgro, UMRt 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, UPJV, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Lille, France

    M. Bechet

  4. Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Joint Research Unit BioEcoAgro, UMRt 1158, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium

    M. Deleu

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Correspondence to P. Jacques .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

    Rudolf Hausmann

  2. Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

    Marius Henkel

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Théatre, A. et al. (2021). Bacillus sp.: A Remarkable Source of Bioactive Lipopeptides. In: Hausmann, R., Henkel, M. (eds) Biosurfactants for the Biobased Economy. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 181. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2021_182

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