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Microbial Remediation Technologies for Hazardous Metals in Soil, Sediments, and Water

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Harnessing Microbial Potential for Multifarious Applications

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

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Abstract

A gradual rise in the level of hazardous metal viz., arsenic, lead, cadmium, nickel, etc., concentrations in soil, sediments, and water has become one of the most severe problems in India and worldwide over the last few decades. Many studies have also revealed the fate, transport, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicity, and health risks of these metal contaminants in humans, animals, and soil biomass. Therefore, various conventional and modern in-situ and ex-situ technologies have been proposed and developed to control the increasing levels of hazardous metals. However, only a few studies have investigated microbial-based technologies and their processes for the remediation of these metal contaminants to prevent health hazards in plant, animal, and soil ecosystems. Further, technological breakthroughs in microbe-based bioremediation have pushed bioremediation as a promising alternative to standard approaches. Therefore, in this chapter, we aim to review all the recent advancements in the remediation of metals, address the status of hazardous metals in soil, sediments, and water, and discuss their impact on human and animal health. Furthermore, this chapter also discusses the microbial technologies currently available for removing metals from soil, sediments, and water, followed by their management.

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Acknowledgements

All the authors would like to express their gratitude towards DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR) and Director, DIHAR, for providing support and facilities to complete this work. The authors would also like to acknowledge Biorender.com for helping to create the diagrams.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh-194101, Ladakh, UT, India

    Krishna Kumar, Neha Rani Bhagat & Vijay Kumar Bharti

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  1. Krishna Kumar
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  2. Neha Rani Bhagat
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  3. Vijay Kumar Bharti
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Correspondence to Vijay Kumar Bharti .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Biosci & Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology–Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Kiran Bala

  2. Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa

    Tonmoy Ghosh

  3. Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Vivek Kumar

  4. Centre for Fire, Explosives and Environmental Safety (CFEES), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Pritam Sangwan

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Kumar, K., Bhagat, N.R., Bharti, V.K. (2024). Microbial Remediation Technologies for Hazardous Metals in Soil, Sediments, and Water. In: Bala, K., Ghosh, T., Kumar, V., Sangwan, P. (eds) Harnessing Microbial Potential for Multifarious Applications. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1152-9_2

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