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Influence of Xenobiotics on Fungal Ligninolytic Enzymes

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Bioenergy Research: Basic and Advanced Concepts

Part of the book series: Clean Energy Production Technologies ((CEPT))

Abstract

White rot fungi (WRF) (belonging to the Basidiomycota family) are considered as the most efficient microorganisms to degrade lignin polymer through secretion of lignin-modifying enzymes such as oxidases (laccase) and peroxidases (lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase). Non-specific nature of these LMEs has a wide range of industrial and environmental applications including biodegradation and bioremediation of xenobiotics. Environmental pollution was generally caused by the extensive use of xenobiotics in the ecosystem. Massive studies on bioremediation of pollutants by bacteria and actinomycetes are highly noticed. It was recognized that very fewer research reports have existed on the influence of xenobiotics on the growth of highly environmentally adapted fungi as well as white rot fungi (WRF). Hence, the present book chapter mainly reveals the effect of xenobiotics on growth and secretion or production of LMEs by WRF and their participation in the bioremediation of xenobiotics. This chapter initially revealed the chemical nature of xenobiotics and their toxicity impact on WRF biomass. Furthermore the effect of pesticides such as malathion, lindane, and diuron on white rot fungal (Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Ganoderma lucidum) growth as well as secretion of ligninolytic enzymes and minimization of xenobiotics including PAHs and dyes by the WRF was clearly explained. This chapter provides information about how to reduce the harmful impact of xenobiotics in the environment by using LMEs and improve the applications of enzymatic technology.

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Abbreviations

CPF:

Chlorpyrifos

CYP:

Cytochrome P450

HCH:

Hexachloro cyclohexane

LAC:

Laccase

LE:

Ligninolytic enzymes

LiP:

Lignin peroxidase

LMEs:

Lignin-modifying enzymes

MnP:

Manganese peroxidase.

MSM:

Mineral salts medium

PAHs:

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons

PCP:

Pentachlorophenol

SmF:

Submerged fermentation

SSF:

Solid-state fermentation

TCP:

2, 4,6 trichlorophenol

TNT:

Tri-nitrotoluene

WRF:

White rot fungi

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Prof. B. Rajasekhar Reddy (SK University, AP, India) and Dr. G. Narasimha (SV University AP, India) for the revision of this book chapter, while B. S. Shanthi Kumari is grateful to the Major Research Project Fellowship (F.No. 42-476/2013 (SR) dated 22-03-2013) from University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India for providing the financial support for a doctoral degree.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, SK University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India

    B. S. Shanthi Kumari, Kanderi Dileep Kumar, K. Sai Geetha & B. Rajasekhar Reddy

  2. Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India

    G. Narasimha

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  1. B. S. Shanthi Kumari
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  1. Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Manish Srivastava

  2. Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Neha Srivastava

  3. Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Rajeev Singh

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Shanthi Kumari, B.S., Kumar, K.D., Sai Geetha, K., Narasimha, G., Rajasekhar Reddy, B. (2021). Influence of Xenobiotics on Fungal Ligninolytic Enzymes. In: Srivastava, M., Srivastava, N., Singh, R. (eds) Bioenergy Research: Basic and Advanced Concepts. Clean Energy Production Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4611-6_4

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