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Reactive Oxygen Species, Glucose Metabolism, and Lipid Metabolism

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Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals produced by the reduction of molecular oxygen. The mitochondrial respiratory chain complex is regarded as a major ROS producer, which is composed of four protein complexes, the complex I, complex II, complex III, and complex IV. In recent years, a large amount of evidence has demonstrated that ROS plays a pivotal role in regulating cell glucose and lipid metabolism and participates in the occurrence and development of disorders related to glucose and lipid metabolism. Generally, glucose metabolism increases the production of ROS and enhances oxidative stress by glucose auto-oxidation and glycosylation of proteins and activated the polyalcohol pathway, etc. This review aims to clarify the role of ROS in regulating glucose metabolism (glucose uptake, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, glycogenolysis, pentose phosphate pathway).

As we all know, ROS plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases induced by dysregulation of lipid metabolism, such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. In this chapter, we focus on the interaction between ROS and lipid metabolism, especially the effects of ROS on the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, as well as phospholipids, cholesterol, and browning of beige fat.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81770580).

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  1. Ying Yang and Yue Wu contributed equally with all other contributors.

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  1. West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

    Ying Yang, Yue Wu, Xiao-Dong Sun & Yuanyuan Zhang

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  1. Ying Yang
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Correspondence to Xiao-Dong Sun or Yuanyuan Zhang .

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  1. Basic Medical Science & Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

    Canhua Huang

  2. Department of Pharmacology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

    Yuanyuan Zhang

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Yang, Y., Wu, Y., Sun, XD., Zhang, Y. (2021). Reactive Oxygen Species, Glucose Metabolism, and Lipid Metabolism. In: Huang, C., Zhang, Y. (eds) Oxidative Stress. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0522-2_9

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