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Abiotic Stresses Mediated Changes in Morphophysiology of Cotton Plant

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Cotton Production and Uses

Abstract

Cotton plant is a warm-weather-loving perennial shrub and now has been domesticated to an annual crop cycle for commercial purposes. It belongs to genus Gossypium (G. hirsutum L., G. barbadense L., G. herbaceum L., G. arboreum L.), widely grown in arid, semiarid, and tropical climates. Globally, of these, G. hirsutum L. (the upland cottons) occupies about 95% of total 33–35 million hectares (2.5% of arable land) of land under cotton cultivation. Cotton crop is not only a natural fiber resource but also a food and feed for billions of humans and livestock. The projected increase in population is 9.0 billion by 2030, which would require an additional quantum of fiber and cotton seed production by more than 70% over the current level of productivity. Cotton plant having an indeterminate growth habit is highly vulnerable to occurrence of persistent and/or intermittent changes in the environments. The footprints of abiotic stresses are more visible on growth and development than those of biotic stresses. In the days to come, under the aegis of climate change, the sustainability of cotton productivity from productive and marginal lands rests by maintaining balance between vegetative and reproductive development from seedlings through maturity. The prevalence of imbalance state (either short or long duration) could lead to loss in farm income. The potential yield could be harvested by transitioning cotton plant from “green cotton” to “white cotton.” This is an effort to manipulate the plant for transporting its greater photo-assimilates from source to sink organs. Farm manager is ought to be proactive and skillful in adopting certain management tools, monitoring crop development, selection of tolerant/resistant cultivars, nutrient management, and phytosanitary measures to reinforce cotton plant for abreasting the external vagaries.

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Abbreviations

AP:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

DD:

Degree-days

DPA:

Days post-anthesis

EDU:

Ethylene diurea

ET:

Evapotranspiration

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

GR:

Glutathione reductase

HSP:

Heat shock proteins

LEA:

Late embryogenesis abundant

O3 :

Ozone

Pn:

Net photosynthesis

PPFD:

Photosynthetic photon flux density

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Sibgha Noreen

  2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Shakeel Ahmad

  3. Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Zartash Fatima & Iqra Zakir

  4. Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Pakeeza Iqbal

  5. Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Kamrun Nahar

  6. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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Correspondence to Sibgha Noreen or Shakeel Ahmad .

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  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Shakeel Ahmad

  2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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Noreen, S. et al. (2020). Abiotic Stresses Mediated Changes in Morphophysiology of Cotton Plant. In: Ahmad, S., Hasanuzzaman, M. (eds) Cotton Production and Uses. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1472-2_18

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