Abstract
Apple trees host diverse communities of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbes that occupy all plant surfaces and internal tissues. In the past two decades, our understanding of these communities has burgeoned due to new technologies that allow culture-independent characterisation of microbial communities. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the composition and assembly of the apple tree microbiome. We discuss factors that shape variation in the microbiome, including host genotype, domestication, plant chemistry, and agricultural practices. Next, we discuss the consequences of the microbiome for plant health and the opportunities and challenges associated with attempts to manipulate the microbiome for improved sustainability of orchard ecosystems. Finally, we suggest future research priorities that promise to facilitate a paradigm shift in orchard management from viewing trees as individual organisms to viewing trees as diverse ecosystems that must be managed holistically to maximise the environmental and economic sustainability of production systems.
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Change history
19 October 2021
The original version of the book was inadvertently published with an incomplete fgures 16.2 and 16.3 in Chapter 16. The erratum chapter has been updated with the changes and the correct presentation is given here:
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Acknowledgements
This research was funded by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2018-07366 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture to S.R.W., U.S.—Israel Binational Agricultural Fund (IS-5040-17) to S.D. and M.W., U.S.—Israel Binational Agricultural Fund (US-5046-17R) to M.M. and S.F., Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2016-51181-25406 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture to M.M., and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 under “Nurturing excellence by means of cross-border and cross-sector mobility” programme for MSCA-IF-2018-Individual Fellowships, grant agreement 844114 to A.A.
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Whitehead, S.R., Wisniewski, M.E., Droby, S., Abdelfattah, A., Freilich, S., Mazzola, M. (2021). The Apple Microbiome: Structure, Function, and Manipulation for Improved Plant Health. In: Korban, S.S. (eds) The Apple Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74682-7_16
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