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Endophytes of Grapevine Flowers, Berries, and Seeds: Identification of Cultivable Bacteria, Comparison with Other Plant Parts, and Visualization of Niches of Colonization

  • Plant Microbe Interactions
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Abstract

Endophytic bacteria can colonize various plants and organs. However, endophytes colonizing plant reproductive organs have been rarely analyzed. In this study, endophytes colonizing flowers as well as berries and seeds of grapevine plants grown under natural conditions were investigated by cultivation as well as by fluorescence in situ hybridization. For comparison, bacteria were additionally isolated from other plant parts and the rhizosphere and characterized. Flowers, fruits, and seeds hosted various endophytic bacteria. Some taxa were specifically isolated from plant reproductive organs, whereas others were also detected in the rhizosphere, endorhiza or grape inflo/infructescence stalk at the flowering or berry harvest stage. Microscopic analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization of resin-embedded samples confirmed the presence of the isolated taxa in plant reproductive organs and enabled us to localize them within the plant. Gammaproteobacteria (including Pseudomonas spp.) and Firmicutes (including Bacillus spp.) were visualized inside the epidermis and xylem of ovary and/or inside flower ovules. Firmicutes, mainly Bacillus spp. were additionally visualized inside berries, in the intercellular spaces of pulp cells and/or xylem of pulp, but also along some cell walls inside parts of seeds. Analysis of cultivable bacteria as well as microscopic results indicated that certain endophytic bacteria can colonize flowers, berries, or seeds. Our results also indicated that some specific taxa may not only derive from the root environment but also from other sources such as the anthosphere.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Anton Grashl (Seibersdorf, Austria) for the help with sampling. We additionally thank Dr. Elsa Arcalis from the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences of Vienna (Austria) for allowing use of a microtome as well as glass knives for plant sections. This work was supported by a Hertha Firnberg program from AIT.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-2444, Seibersdorf, Austria

    Stéphane Compant, Birgit Mitter, Juan Gualberto Colli-Mull & Angela Sessitsch

  2. Départment Bioprocédés et Systèmes Microbiens, ENSAT-INP de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, LGC UMR 5503 (CNRS/INPT/UPS), 1 Avenue de l′Agrobiopôle, B.P. 32607, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex 1, France

    Stéphane Compant

  3. Centre de Viticulture-Œnologie de Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, Avenue de l’Agrobiopôle, Auzeville-Tolosane, BP 32607, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex 1, France

    Stéphane Compant

  4. Cinvestav-U. Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Gto, C.P. 36500, Mexico

    Juan Gualberto Colli-Mull

  5. Bundesamt für Weinbau, Gölbeszeile 1, A-7000, Eisenstadt, Austria

    Helmut Gangl

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  1. Stéphane Compant
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  2. Birgit Mitter
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  3. Juan Gualberto Colli-Mull
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  4. Helmut Gangl
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  5. Angela Sessitsch
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Correspondence to Stéphane Compant.

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Compant, S., Mitter, B., Colli-Mull, J.G. et al. Endophytes of Grapevine Flowers, Berries, and Seeds: Identification of Cultivable Bacteria, Comparison with Other Plant Parts, and Visualization of Niches of Colonization. Microb Ecol 62, 188–197 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9883-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9883-y

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