Abstract
With the increasing industrialization, the heavy metal contamination has become a serious environmental issue. Different activities, such as fertilizer, pharmaceutical, chemical, automobile, petroleum, and textile units, discharge a large amount of heavy metals laden effluent that contaminates the water streams. Traditional processes such as precipitation, ion exchange, membrane technology, and advance oxidation have been utilized for the remediation of heavy metal contamination. These processes could not be attractive for commercial applications because of their poor removal rate, problem of disposal, and high operating cost. Biosorption is now becoming a good alternative and environmentally friendly option. Biosorption of heavy metals is a metal uptake process by using ion exchange, precipitation, surface complexation, etc.. Various sources of waste biomaterials are utilized for the treatment of metal-contaminated wastewater stream. As natural biosorbents are not giving higher efficiency, modifications are done by physical and chemical activation of the biomaterials. Scientific developments were done for improving the efficiency, but limited research was conducted for the regeneration or reuse of the biosorbents. In recent years, researchers are paying attention on the reuse of the spent biosorbents by using eluent solutions such as acids, bases, chelating agents, etc. and getting the potential results. This makes the biosorption process more efficient and economic than the other conventional methods for the treatment of metal-tainted effluent. This chapter highlights the toxic metals and the various sources of biomaterials which are utilized for heavy metal removal.
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Biswas, S., Nag, S. (2021). Biomass-Based Absorbents for Heavy Metal Removal. In: Inamuddin, Ahamed, M., Lichtfouse, E., Asiri, A. (eds) Green Adsorbents to Remove Metals, Dyes and Boron from Polluted Water. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 49. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47400-3_14
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