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Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Tumor Angiogenesis

  • Chapter
The New Angiotherapy

Abstract

The significance of tumor angiogenesis has been recognized for many centuries. Fallopio in the 1600s stated “cancers have dilated swollen veins resembling the legs of a crab, and this I single out from many signs since if its cure is undertaken the man nevertheless dies of the same cancer.” However, it has only been since the turn of the century that continual and widespread research has been been performed, and it was not until the 1970s when Folkman and colleagues aroused interest in pathological angiogenesis that the first attempt was made to generate a systematic method for quantifying angiogenesis. The score was based on the assessment of several morphological parameters of “endothelial cell regeneration” stained by routine histological methods. Named the MAGS score (Microscopic Angiogenesis Grading System), it assessed the number of vessels, the degree of endothelial-cell hyperplasia, and the cytology of the tumor endothelium (1). The aim was to develop an objective method for quantifying the tumor neovasculature that could be used as a standard for angiogenesis reasearch, to compare with other clinicopathological characteristics and be useful in the development and assessment of efficacy of anti-angiogenic agents and vascular targeting therapies (2). However, many of the difficulties that still impede the clinical utility of angiogenesis quantitation systems today, including problems of tissue-sample selection, inter- and intraobserver variation, were such that the technique was not adopted. Further attempts to assess tumor angiogenesis were carried out using a variety of nonspecific endothelial markers but it has been only in the last five years, with the advent of highly specific endothelial markers (3–5) that can be used in histological archival tissues, that quantitation studies have been performed. As indicated earlier, there are still limitations to the current methodologies for measuring tumor angiogenesis but new methods are continually being assessed (see below). Furthermore, many of these mght have potential supplementary clinical uses such as in diagnosis, prediction of treatment response, and monitoring of disease status. Such methods might also be applied to other common and debilitating diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atherosclerosis, and diabetic retinopathy where angiogenesis is central to the pathological process.

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Authors
  1. Stephen B. Fox
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  2. Adrian L. Harris
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Tai-Ping D. Fan PhD

  2. Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Elise C. Kohn MD (Chief) (Chief)

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Fox, S.B., Harris, A.L. (2002). Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Tumor Angiogenesis. In: Fan, TP.D., Kohn, E.C. (eds) The New Angiotherapy. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-126-8_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-126-8_10

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